{"id":4165,"date":"2025-11-19T18:58:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T17:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/?p=4165"},"modified":"2026-05-09T19:51:24","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T17:51:24","slug":"bitva-u-agrigenta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/en\/2025\/11\/19\/bitva-u-agrigenta\/","title":{"rendered":"#2 Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: Bitva u Agrigenta – Prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 st\u0159etnut\u00ed \u0158\u00edma a Kart\u00e1ga"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 3. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. st\u00e1li \u0158\u00edm a Kart\u00e1go na prahu v\u00e1lky. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 republika, kter\u00e1 si v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch desetilet\u00edch podmanila It\u00e1lii, za\u010dala obracet svou pozornost na Sic\u00edlii, bohat\u00fd ostrov, strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd vzhledem k um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mezi It\u00e1li\u00ed a Afrikou. Kart\u00e1go, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed velmoc ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, se v\u0161ak nehodlalo sv\u00e9ho vlivu vzd\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Roku 264 p\u0159. n. l. vypukla Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/em>. Po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm st\u0159etnut\u00ed u Messany se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 rozhodli zah\u00e1jit ofenzivu proti jednomu z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst na Sic\u00edlii \u2013 Agrigentu (latinsky Agrigentum, \u0159ecky Akragas). Kart\u00e1go z tohoto m\u011bsta po nezdaru u Messany vytvo\u0159ilo z\u00e1kladnu pro operace proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm a jejich nov\u00e9mu spojenci Syrakus\u00e1m. Kartaginsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed sem za\u010dalo p\u0159esouvat nov\u011b najat\u00e9 \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e z G\u00e1lie, Ligurie a Ib\u00e9rie (oblast dne\u0161n\u00ed Francie, severn\u00ed It\u00e1lie a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160pan\u011blska). \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se proto rozhodli toto m\u011bsto ve\u0161kerou vojenskou silou oblehnout a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 bitva o Agrigentum se stala prvn\u00ed velkou konfrontac\u00ed mezi t\u011bmito rivaly.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\u201eDnes r\u00e1no dorazily zpr\u00e1vy z\u00a0Agrigenta, gener\u00e1l Gisco vol\u00e1 o pomoc!\u201c<\/p>\n

Kartaginsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk<\/em><\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

STRATEGICK\u00dd V\u00ddZNAM AGRIGENTA<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Po obsazen\u00ed Messany a sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho spojenectv\u00ed se Syrakusami \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dali v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Sic\u00edlie. Nov\u00fdm centrem kartaginsk\u00e9 moci a odporu proti \u0158\u00edmu se stalo opevn\u011bn\u00e9 m\u011bsto Agrigentum, kter\u00e9 bylo jedn\u00edm z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst na Sic\u00edlii. Jeho kontrola znamenala nejen presti\u017e, ale tak\u00e9 strategickou v\u00fdhodu pro ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed cel\u00e9ho ostrova. Kartaginci zde m\u011bli um\u00edst\u011bnou \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159skou pos\u00e1dku pod velen\u00edm Hannibala Gisca, kterou doplnili obyvateli m\u011bsta, zat\u00edmco m\u011bsto samotn\u00e9 bylo obehn\u00e1no mohutn\u00fdmi hradbami a dob\u0159e z\u00e1sobeno.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee dobyt\u00ed Agrigenta by znamenalo prolomen\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9 moci na Sic\u00edlii a otev\u0159elo by cestu k dal\u0161\u00edmu postupu na z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st ostrova. Roku 262 p\u0159. n. l. se daly do pohybu dv\u011b konzulsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy pod veden\u00edm Lucia Postumia Megella a Quinta Mamilia Vitula, celkem asi 40 000 mu\u017e\u016f, a pochodovaly sm\u011brem k\u00a0Agrigentu. V\u0161echna vojensk\u00e1 s\u00edla se soust\u0159edila na jeden bod.<\/p>\n

OBL\u00c9H\u00c1N\u00cd AGRIGENTA<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 legie oblehly m\u011bsto a od\u0159\u00edzly jeho z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed cesty. B\u011bhem blok\u00e1dy m\u011bsta se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 za\u010dali soust\u0159edit na svoje vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z t\u00e1bora vyr\u00e1\u017eely men\u0161\u00ed odd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly za \u00fakol sklidit \u00farodu z m\u00edstn\u00edch pol\u00ed a sad\u016f. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 si byli tak jist\u00ed svou v\u00fdhodnou pozic\u00ed, \u017ee jejich ostra\u017eitost \u010dasem v\u016f\u010di nep\u0159\u00edteli klesla a vyd\u00e1vali se skl\u00edzet z\u00e1soby mnohem \u010dast\u011bji a mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bni.<\/p>\n

Toho si v\u0161iml velitel kartaginsk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky a v moment\u011b, kdy se \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed odd\u00edly rozd\u011blily a vzd\u00e1lily od m\u011bsta, za\u00fato\u010dil na polopr\u00e1zdn\u00fd \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd t\u00e1bor a dal\u0161\u00ed jednotky poslal, aby za\u00fato\u010dily na nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00ed voj\u00e1ky ze z\u00e1sobovac\u00edch odd\u00edl\u016f. \u00datok Kartaginc\u016f \u0158\u00edmany p\u0159ekvapil a mnoho jich p\u0159i obran\u011b t\u00e1bora padlo, ale d\u00edky vysok\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b a s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee ty, kdo ute\u010dou z boje, \u010dek\u00e1 trest smrti, se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 nehodlali vzd\u00e1t, a i pod velk\u00fdm n\u00e1tlakem neustoupili a br\u00e1nili t\u00e1bor do posledn\u00edho dechu. T\u00e1bor proti p\u0159esile br\u00e1nili tak dlouho, dokud se z\u00e1sobovac\u00edm odd\u00edl\u016fm nepoda\u0159ilo seskupit a probojovat se zp\u011bt do t\u00e1bora. Ob\u011b strany p\u0159i tomto konfliktu ztratily mnoho mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ihned po \u00fatoku dali konzulov\u00e9 rozkaz k rozd\u011blen\u00ed t\u00e1bora na dva men\u0161\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed t\u00e1bor z\u016fstal na m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edho, druh\u00fd t\u00e1bor se vybudoval stovky metr\u016f sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod. Konzulov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nechali vybudovat ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkopy a valy kolem obou t\u00e1bor\u016f a prostor mezi t\u00e1bory se tak spojil v jednu velkou zabezpe\u010denou oblast. Kartaginsk\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka se st\u00e1le pokou\u0161ela podnikat men\u0161\u00ed bojov\u00e9 operace proti t\u00e1bo\u0159\u00edc\u00edm \u0158\u00edman\u016fm, ale ti u\u017e byli ostra\u017eit\u00ed a jejich opevn\u011bn\u00ed siln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V tomto stavu \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 obl\u00e9hali m\u011bsto dal\u0161\u00edch 5 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. S postupuj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dasem se situace pro Kartagince st\u00e1vala kritickou, z\u00e1soby v Agrigentu se ten\u010dily a mor\u00e1lka obr\u00e1nc\u016f klesala. Velitel kartaginsk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky se tedy rozhodl vyslat n\u011bkolik posl\u016f do Kart\u00e1ga s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o posily a informacemi o \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kart\u00e1go si uv\u011bdomovalo hrozbu a vyslalo siln\u00e9 vojsko pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Hann\u00f3na, aby m\u011bsto osvobodil. P\u0159ivedl nejen p\u011bchotu a j\u00edzdu, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 slony, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli rozb\u00edt \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 formace a zp\u016fsobit chaos.<\/p>\n

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Politick\u00e1 mapa Sic\u00edlie v roce 262 p\u0159.n.l. p\u0159i obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Agrigenta<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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P\u0158\u00cdJEZD POSIL Z KART\u00c1GA<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kartaginsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vyslan\u00e1 na pomoc obl\u00e9han\u00e9mu m\u011bstu se vylodila v\u00a0Heraclee. Po vylod\u011bn\u00ed nejprve zni\u010dila \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed trasy obsazen\u00edm m\u011bsta Herbessus (severn\u011b od Agrigenta), \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u0158\u00edmany dostala do obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 situace. Ob\u011b arm\u00e1dy se n\u00e1hle ocitly v patov\u00e9 situaci \u2013 Hann\u00f3n se sna\u017eil vyhladov\u011bt \u0158\u00edmany, zat\u00edmco ti necht\u011bli ustoupit bez boje. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 od\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed od v\u011bt\u0161iny z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed a sev\u0159en\u00ed mezi m\u011bstem a posilami z Kart\u00e1ga po n\u011bkolika men\u0161\u00edch \u0161arv\u00e1tk\u00e1ch v\u00a0okol\u00ed Agrigenta tou\u017eili po rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitv\u011b.<\/p>\n

Hann\u00f3n zpo\u010d\u00e1tku na otev\u0159enou bitvu necht\u011bl p\u0159istoupit, ale situace ve m\u011bst\u011b ji\u017e byla kritick\u00e1, obyvatel\u00e9 hladov\u011bli, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily se nemoci a mor\u00e1lka byla \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010den\u00e1. Po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 t\u00e1bory zm\u00edt\u00e1 epidemie, se rozhodl, \u017ee nastal ten prav\u00fd okam\u017eik p\u0159\u00edmo konfrontovat\u00a0\u0159\u00edmskou arm\u00e1du. Po n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch bezv\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se rozhodlo o osudu Agrigenta v otev\u0159en\u00e9 bitv\u011b.<\/p>\n

BITVA U AGRIGENTA<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kdy\u017e se Hann\u00f3n i se svou arm\u00e1dou vylodil v Heraclea Minoa, dal se na pochod sm\u011brem k m\u011bstu Herbessus. M\u011bsto se sv\u00fdmi jednotkami obsadil a t\u00edm od\u0159\u00edzl \u0159\u00edmskou z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed trasu. Karta se obr\u00e1tila a te\u010f byli obl\u00e9h\u00e1ni \u0158\u00edman\u00e9. Vzhledem k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 situaci ohledn\u011b ztr\u00e1ty z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed trasy by \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed zru\u0161ili a tak\u00e9 o tom dost v\u00e1\u017en\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli, kdyby nebylo syrakusk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce Hi\u00e9r\u00f3na. Ten dok\u00e1zal \u0158\u00edmany z\u00e1sobovat jin\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi trasami, o kter\u00fdch Kartaginci nev\u011bd\u011bli. Toto z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed sice nedok\u00e1zalo nahradit to p\u016fvodn\u00ed v pln\u00e9m rozsahu, ale \u0158\u00edman\u016fm se dost\u00e1valo v\u0161emu podstatn\u00e9mu, aby mohli udr\u017eet obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Agrigenta.<\/p>\n

Po n\u011bjak\u00e9m \u010dase za\u010dal Hann\u00f3n ztr\u00e1cet trp\u011blivost a kdy\u017e se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee v t\u00e1bo\u0159e \u0158\u00edman\u016f se vyskytla nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 epidemie, na\u0159\u00eddil sv\u00e9mu vojsku pochodovat sm\u011brem k Agrigentu. \u201eSe\u0159a\u010fte jednotky do boje! \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 jsou te\u010f oslaben\u00ed a my u\u017e nem\u016f\u017eeme d\u00e9le \u010dekat, jinak m\u011bsto padne,\u201c vyk\u0159ikl Hann\u00f3n. Potom sv\u00fdm numidsk\u00fdm jezdc\u016fm na\u0159\u00eddil, aby jeli nap\u0159ed k \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu t\u00e1boru. M\u011bli vyprovokovat \u0159\u00edmskou j\u00edzdu, aby je pron\u00e1sledovala a p\u0159edst\u00edrat \u00fastup, kter\u00fd by \u0158\u00edmany dovedl a\u017e k hlavn\u00edmu vojsku. Tato l\u00e9\u010dka gener\u00e1lovi vy\u0161la. Numidsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda p\u0159i \u00fatoku na t\u00e1bor vzburcovala \u0159\u00edmskou j\u00edzdu, kter\u00e1 je za\u010dala pron\u00e1sledovat p\u0159esn\u011b podle pl\u00e1nu. Jakmile numidsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda dovedla \u0158\u00edmany a\u017e k hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vojska, oto\u010dila se a za\u00fato\u010dila. \u0158\u00edmany tento st\u0159et st\u00e1l mnoho \u017eivot\u016f jezdc\u016f, do t\u00e1bora se vr\u00e1til pouze zlomek. Hann\u00f3n se pak se svou arm\u00e1dou ut\u00e1bo\u0159il v kopc\u00edch nedaleko \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho le\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Takto \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 i Kartaginci setrvali dal\u0161\u00ed dva m\u011bs\u00edce, bez jak\u00fdchkoliv zm\u011bn, a\u010dkoli mezi sebou m\u011bli n\u011bkolik men\u0161\u00edch \u0161arv\u00e1tek. Ty v\u0161ak nevedly k\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u00fasp\u011bchu ani na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b. Kdo v\u0161ak za\u010dal m\u00edt velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my byl Hannibal Gisco, kter\u00fd vedl obranu m\u011bsta. Nedostatek potravin a z\u00e1sob se za\u010dal projevovat, lid\u00e9 uvnit\u0159 m\u011bsta trp\u011bli hladem a nemocemi a za\u010dali se bou\u0159it. Co bylo je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i to pod n\u00e1tlakem okolnost\u00ed vzdali a p\u0159e\u0161li k\u00a0\u0158\u00edman\u016fm. Hann\u00f3n za\u010dal b\u00fdt pod tlakem a byl nucen jednat d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se obrana m\u011bsta zhrout\u00ed, a rozhodl se proto za\u00fato\u010dit na \u0158\u00edmany v pln\u00e9 s\u00edle. Kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko \u010d\u00edtalo des\u00edtky tis\u00edc mu\u017e\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u011bchoty a j\u00edzdy, podporovan\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi slony. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b st\u00e1ly disciplinovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 legie, vycvi\u010den\u00e9 k boji v pevn\u00fdch formac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fb\u011bh bitvy n\u00e1m z\u00a0historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00fd, ale dle Polybia se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm poda\u0159ilo odrazit hlavn\u00ed voj gener\u00e1la Hann\u00f3na, a dokonce odrazit \u00fatok veden\u00fd z\u00a0m\u011bsta pos\u00e1dkou Hannibala Gisca. Potom, co se p\u0159edn\u00ed linie gener\u00e1la Hann\u00f3na oto\u010dily a za\u010daly ustupovat pry\u010d, se srazily s\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi slony a centrem vojska. To zp\u016fsobilo jen kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed zmatek a spla\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch slon\u016f. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 situace pln\u011b vyu\u017eili a za\u010dali masakrovat v\u0161echny \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e, kter\u00e9 m\u011bli p\u0159ed sebou. Organizovan\u00e1 p\u011bchota vyu\u017eila sv\u00e9 sev\u0159en\u00e9 formace a postupn\u011b zatla\u010dovala kartaginsk\u00e9 \u0159ady zp\u011bt. Po tvrd\u00e9m boji se kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko za\u010dalo hroutit. Hann\u00f3n byl nucen po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch ustoupit a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da z\u00edskala kontrolu nad boji\u0161t\u011bm.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko bylo t\u00edmto bojem zam\u011bstn\u00e1no a\u017e do no\u010dn\u00edch hodin. Kdy\u017e Gisco vid\u011bl, \u017ee jsou \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bni pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00edm Hann\u00f3nova vojska, rozhodl se pod rou\u0161kou tmy p\u0159ekonat se svou pos\u00e1dkou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 le\u017een\u00ed a zmizet k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u0158\u00cdMSK\u00c9 V\u00cdT\u011aZSTV\u00cd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Po bitv\u011b padlo Agrigentum do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch rukou. M\u011bsto bylo vyplen\u011bno a \u010d\u00e1st jeho obyvatel byla prod\u00e1na do otroctv\u00ed. Pro \u0158\u00edmany to bylo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, proto\u017ee porazili velkou kartaginskou arm\u00e1du v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9m boji mimo Apeninsk\u00fd poloostrov. A\u010dkoliv \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v\u00a0bitv\u011b zv\u00edt\u011bzili a oba konzulov\u00e9 se jako v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9 vr\u00e1tili do \u0158\u00edma, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 triumfy je tu tentokr\u00e1t ne\u010dekaly. Ztr\u00e1ty z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed byly astronomick\u00e9. Odhaduje se, \u017ee konzulov\u00e9 p\u0159i obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 bitv\u011b p\u0159i\u0161li o t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny arm\u00e1dy. Dal\u0161\u00edm zklam\u00e1n\u00edm bylo, \u017ee ob\u011bma kartaginsk\u00fdm velitel\u016fm se z\u00a0bitvy poda\u0159ilo uprchnout. To se na p\u016fd\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu bralo jako ne\u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n

ZA\u010c\u00c1TEK \u0158\u00cdMSK\u00c9 NADVL\u00c1DY VE ST\u0158EDOMO\u0158\u00cd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bitva o Agrigentum byla prvn\u00edm krokem k \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1d\u011b nad Sic\u00edli\u00ed a p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed dlouh\u00e9ho konfliktu mezi \u0158\u00edmem a Kart\u00e1gem. Uk\u00e1zala s\u00edlu \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 strategie a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed dob\u00fdt nov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. Pro \u0158\u00edmany u\u017e se nejednalo jen o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed s Mamertiny a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodu Kartaginc\u016f, proto\u017ee \u0158\u00edm za\u010dal z t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky ve velk\u00e9m profitovat. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 si tak\u00e9 potvrdili, \u017ee spojit se se Syrakusami, byl dobr\u00fd tah. Proto\u017ee kdy\u017e byli u Agrigenta od\u0159\u00edznuti od z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed, byly to pr\u00e1v\u011b Syrakusy, kter\u00e9 na\u0161ly cestu, jak \u0158\u00edmany z\u00e1sobovat, aby z\u016fstali bojeschopn\u00e9m stavu. Po obsazen\u00ed Agrigenta za\u010dali \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 kontrolovat celou v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Sic\u00edlie a za\u010dali siln\u011b uva\u017eovat nad t\u00edm, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eou Kartagince z ostrova vypudit kompletn\u011b. Tato my\u0161lenka se jim do mysli zaryla, tak hluboko, \u017ee Sic\u00edlii za\u010dali v\u011bnovat ve\u0161kerou pozornost. V pozemn\u00edch operac\u00edch si \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 po dvou v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch bitv\u00e1ch u\u017e v\u011b\u0159ili, ale na mo\u0159i byli st\u00e1le nov\u00e1\u010dky bez zku\u0161enost\u00ed. A kdo neovl\u00e1d\u00e1 mo\u0159e, nem\u016f\u017ee ovl\u00e1dnout Sic\u00edlii.<\/p>\n

Vyv\u00edjela by se Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/em> jinak, pokud by \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 u Agrigenta prohr\u00e1li? Podcenili kartagin\u0161t\u00ed velitel\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 konzuly?\u00a0<\/strong>Dejte n\u00e1m v\u011bd\u011bt do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

(pozn\u00e1mka autora):<\/em> PODOBA \u0158\u00cdMSK\u00c9 ARM\u00c1DY ZA PRVN\u00cd PUNSK\u00c9 V\u00c1LKY<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nutno k\u00a0tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku podotknout, \u017ee podoba \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy za Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/em> se zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161uje od toho, jak ji \u0161irok\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost zn\u00e1 z modern\u00ed\u00a0pop kultury a kinematografie. V\u00a0t\u00e9 je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 legie vyobrazov\u00e1na jako t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 p\u011bchota s\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou discipl\u00ednou, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi stroji a \u0161pi\u010dkovou v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0dob\u011b obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Agrigenta byla v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da slo\u017eena nikoliv z\u00a0profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f, ale z\u00a0ob\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli do zbran\u011b povol\u00e1ni pouze tehdy, kdy byl \u0158\u00edm ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m stavu. Legie st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvala manipul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159echodnou formou mezi hopl\u00edtskou falangou a kohortami. Samotn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci se v\u00a0t\u011bchto dob\u00e1ch d\u011blili do n\u011bkolika t\u0159\u00edd.<\/p>\n

Jako lehk\u00e1 p\u011bchota ve voln\u00fdch formac\u00ed operuj\u00edc\u00ed mimo j\u00e1dro arm\u00e1dy byli Velites, <\/em>kte\u0159\u00ed do boje nesli \u0161t\u00edt a n\u011bkolik o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f. <\/em>V\u00a0prvn\u00ed linii jako t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 p\u011bchota bojovali mlad\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b zku\u0161en\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b vyzbrojen\u00ed Hastati.<\/em> Ve druh\u00e9 linii bojovali zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a l\u00e9pe vyzbrojen\u00ed Principes<\/em>. A v\u00a0posledn\u00ed linii byli um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ti nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed veter\u00e1ni Triarii<\/em>, st\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed zbra\u0148 kop\u00ed a podobali se sp\u00ed\u0161e falanze. J\u00edzdn\u00ed slo\u017eku tvo\u0159ili Equites<\/em>, a v\u011bt\u0161inou se jednalo o bohat\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany a aristokraty, kte\u0159\u00ed si mohli dovolit \u017eivit kon\u011b a koupit tu nejlep\u0161\u00ed dostupnou zbroj.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eku arm\u00e1dy tvo\u0159ily pomocn\u00e9 sbory, ve kter\u00fdch bojovali \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed spojenci. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da tedy nebyla zdaleka tak profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed, jako za dob pozdn\u00ed republiky a c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd ZDROJE<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Polybios:<\/em> D\u011bjiny<\/strong> (\u0159eck\u00fd historik, 2. stol. p\u0159. n. l.)<\/li>\n
  • Livius:<\/em> Ab Urbe Condita<\/strong> (\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd historik, 1. stol. p\u0159. n. l.)<\/li>\n
  • Adrian Goldsworthy:<\/em> P\u00e1d Kart\u00e1ga: Punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky 265\u2013146 p\u0159. n. l.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • H. Warmington:<\/em> Carthage<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Dexter Hoyos:<\/em> Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 3. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. st\u00e1li \u0158\u00edm a Kart\u00e1go na prahu v\u00e1lky. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 republika, kter\u00e1 si v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch desetilet\u00edch podmanila It\u00e1lii, za\u010dala obracet svou pozornost na Sic\u00edlii, bohat\u00fd ostrov, strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd vzhledem k um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mezi It\u00e1li\u00ed a Afrikou. Kart\u00e1go, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed velmoc ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, se v\u0161ak nehodlalo sv\u00e9ho vlivu vzd\u00e1t. Roku 264 p\u0159. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,6,3],"tags":[23,24,25,18,21,17,20],"class_list":["post-4165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kartago","category-politika","category-punske-valky","tag-agrigentum","tag-hannibal-gisco","tag-hannon","tag-kartago","tag-polybios","tag-prvni-punska-valka","tag-syrakusy"],"blocksy_meta":{"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","ebf38a37a7210e8b2eae1c5591996d46":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_alignment1":"left","hero_alignment2":"center","hero_height":{"0":"2","1":"3","2":"0","3":"p","4":"x","desktop":"500px","tablet":"500px","mobile":"500px","__changed":[]},"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":2710,"url":"https:\/\/startersites.io\/blocksy\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/valdemaras-d-1053561-unsplash-1024x576.jpg"},"parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"50b5de3a778be56786a9251e46da72fb":"","single_meta_elements":{"author":true,"date":true,"categories":true,"comments":true,"updated":false,"tags":false},"has_meta_label":"yes","has_meta_avatar":"yes","date_format_source":"custom","single_meta_date_format":"M 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