{"id":4323,"date":"2025-12-10T18:59:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T17:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/?p=4323"},"modified":"2026-03-17T21:55:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T20:55:33","slug":"invaze-do-libye-kamen-urazu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/en\/2025\/12\/10\/invaze-do-libye-kamen-urazu\/","title":{"rendered":"#5 Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: Invaze do Libye – K\u00e1men \u00farazu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zv\u00edt\u011bzili v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitv\u011b historie a otev\u0159ela se jim voln\u00e1 cesta na \u00fazem\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga. Po bitv\u011b u mysu Eknomus \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci rychle za\u0159adili uko\u0159ist\u011bn\u00e9 kartaginsk\u00e9 lod\u011b do sv\u00e9 flotily. Po\u0161kozen\u00e9 lod\u011b nechali opravit a vypluli i s celou invazn\u00ed arm\u00e1dou sm\u011brem k africk\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 zbytky kartaginsk\u00e9 flotily se mezit\u00edm vrac\u00ed do Kart\u00e1ga, voj\u00e1ci i obyvatel\u00e9 se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fatok na m\u011bsto. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 s\u00edly jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Kart\u00e1go, kde se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ude\u0159\u00ed nejtvrd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

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\u201eMus\u00edme ude\u0159it te\u010f, dokud m\u00e1me v\u0161echny v\u00fdhody na na\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b! Je to dokonal\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost!\u201c<\/p>\n

Spartsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk Xanthippus<\/em><\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

VYLOD\u011aN\u00cd VE STAROV\u011aK\u00c9 LIBYI \u2013 \u0158\u00cdMSK\u00c1 INVAZE ZA\u010c\u00cdN\u00c1<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Po n\u00e1vratu kartaginsk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch jednotek zp\u011bt do Kart\u00e1ga, se rozhl\u00e1sily zpr\u00e1vy o bitv\u011b a cel\u00e9 m\u011bsto se p\u0159ipravovalo na plnohodnotnou pozemn\u00ed invazi a obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed. Zbytky lo\u010fstva hl\u00eddkovaly okolo m\u011bsta a s\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00edm vyhl\u00ed\u017eely \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b na obzoru. Pozemn\u00ed vojsko se mezit\u00edm rozmis\u0165ovalo na hradb\u00e1ch a u jednotliv\u00fdch vstupn\u00edch bran do m\u011bsta. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se v\u0161ak nikde neobjevili, ani nebyla spat\u0159ena jejich flotila.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Kartaginci o\u010dek\u00e1vali tvrd\u00fd \u00fader na hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, p\u0159i\u0161la zpr\u00e1va, \u017ee \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo zakotvilo na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed u m\u011bsta Aspis. Lod\u011b byly vyta\u017eeny na b\u0159eh a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 kolem nich vybudovali hlubok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop a za n\u00edm ochrann\u00fd val s\u00a0palis\u00e1dou. Jakmile zabezpe\u010dili svoji flotilu lod\u00ed na b\u0159ehu, oblehli m\u011bsto Aspis a okam\u017eit\u011b jej dobyli.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se v\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu doslechli o oble\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta Aspis, tak Kartaginci usoudili, \u017ee nem\u00e1 cenu v\u0161echny s\u00edly koncentrovat v\u00a0hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b a je pot\u0159eba vyrazit proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 m\u011bli d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9mu vylod\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu momentu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed a po dobyt\u00ed Aspisu za\u010dali drancovat cel\u00fd region, proto\u017ee zde nebyla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nebo pos\u00e1dka, kter\u00e1 by byla schopn\u00e1 kl\u00e1st jak\u00fdkoliv odpor. B\u011bhem drancov\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1zali zajmout 20\u00a0000 obyvatel a ud\u011blat z\u00a0nich otroky. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 farmy, polnosti nebo st\u00e1da dobytka padla do rukou \u0158\u00edman\u016f. T\u00edm si zajistili dostatek z\u00e1sob pro dlouhou invazi.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 poslali zpr\u00e1vy o sv\u00e9m \u00fasp\u011bchu \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu sen\u00e1tu. Zp\u011bt do\u0161ly rozkazy, \u017ee konzul Manlius m\u00e1 nalo\u017eit uko\u0159ist\u011bn\u00e9 suroviny, dobytek a otroky a p\u0159ev\u00e9st je do \u0158\u00edma i s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inou flotily. Konzul Regulus m\u00e1 s\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi a\u00a0pozemn\u00edm vojskem \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15\u00a0000 p\u011b\u0161\u00e1k\u016f a 500 jezdc\u016f, pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0pozemn\u00ed invazi a zlomit jak\u00fdkoliv odpor proti \u0158\u00edmu.<\/p>\n

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\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko zah\u00e1jilo pozemn\u00ed invazi ve u m\u011bsta Aspis v severn\u00ed Africe<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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BITVA O ADYS<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Zat\u00edmco \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 drancovali okol\u00ed m\u011bsta Aspis, Kartaginci jmenovali dva nov\u00e9 velitele \u2013 Hasdrubala, syna gener\u00e1la Hanna, a Bostara. Poslali tak\u00e9 rozkazy gener\u00e1lu Hamilkarovi Barkasovi, kter\u00fd byl um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd s\u00a0pos\u00e1dkou ve m\u011bst\u011b Heraclea na Sic\u00edlii, aby se vr\u00e1til do Kart\u00e1ga.<\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1l Hamilkar Barkas sebou zp\u011bt p\u0159ivedl i 5 000 mu\u017e\u016f a 500 jezdc\u016f. Kartaginc\u016fm bylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed zdr\u017eet na del\u0161\u00ed dobu. B\u011bhem setk\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u011b ustanoven\u00fdch gener\u00e1l\u016f se rozhodlo, \u017ee proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm vyraz\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00fdm budou velet Hamilkar a Hasdrubal. Gener\u00e1l Bostar z\u016fstane br\u00e1nit hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 mezit\u00edm postupovali systematicky a dob\u00fdvali jedno m\u011bsto za druh\u00fdm a\u017e dorazili k\u00a0m\u011bstu Adys. M\u011bsto obkl\u00ed\u010dili a za\u010dali s p\u0159\u00edpravami k\u00a0obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed. To u\u017e zde byly i kartaginsk\u00e9 jednotky pod veden\u00edm Hamilkara a Hasdrubala, kter\u00e9 obsadily nedalek\u00fd h\u0159eben, odkud m\u011bly dobr\u00fd v\u00fdhled na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd t\u00e1bor a obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00e9 m\u011bsto. K\u00a0\u00fatoku se v\u0161ak Kartaginci zdr\u00e1hali, proto\u017ee nem\u011bli po\u010detn\u00ed p\u0159evahu ani \u017e\u00e1dnou v\u00fdhodu, kter\u00e1 by jim mohla n\u011bjak v\u00fdznamn\u011b pomoci.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd konzul byl u\u017e zku\u0161en\u00fd velitel a na\u0159\u00eddil sv\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m okam\u017eit\u011b na v\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed Kartagince za\u00fato\u010dit. Kartaginci se p\u0159ipravili k\u00a0obran\u011b a spol\u00e9hali se na sv\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 slony a j\u00edzdu. Sloni i j\u00edzda jim v\u0161ak nebyli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinku, proto\u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 je se svou po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1dou obkl\u00ed\u010dili na svahovit\u00e9m a nerovn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu. Kartaginsk\u00e1 p\u011bchota slo\u017een\u00e1 ze \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016f bojovala velmi urputn\u011b s\u00a0pocitem, \u017ee nem\u00e1 kam ustoupit, a tak dokonce sv\u00fdm zu\u0159iv\u00fdm v\u00fdpadem donutila prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 manipuly ustoupit. T\u00edm se ale jen nechali vt\u00e1hnout hloub\u011bji do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 formace, a nakonec byli obkl\u00ed\u010deni a pobiti. J\u00edzd\u011b a slon\u016fm se nakonec povedlo z h\u0159ebene ustoupit a ut\u00e9ct pry\u010d z\u00a0boji\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 nakonec vydrancovali t\u00e1bor Kartaginc\u016f na h\u0159ebeni a dobyli i m\u011bsto Adys. Pot\u00e9 d\u00e1le obsazovali a drancovali dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta, ani\u017e by je u toho n\u011bkdo obt\u011b\u017eoval. Nakonec se jim poda\u0159ilo dob\u00fdt i m\u011bsto Tunis, ze kter\u00e9ho u\u017e to do Kart\u00e1ga nebylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko. Tunis se d\u00edky sv\u00e9 poloze nakonec stal pro \u0158\u00edmany kl\u00ed\u010dovou z\u00e1kladnou v dal\u0161\u00edch operac\u00edch proti Kart\u00e1gu.<\/p>\n

P\u0158\u00cdJEZD XANTHIPPA \u2013 SPARTSK\u00c9HO HRDINY<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kartaginci byli invaz\u00ed sra\u017eeni na kolena. Mohutn\u00e1 flotila byla rozdrcena a pozemn\u00ed vojsko, kter\u00e9 se postavilo \u0158\u00edman\u016fm bylo pora\u017eeno. Situace vyu\u017eili i jin\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Kart\u00e1ga. Numi\u010fan\u00e9 ze sousedn\u00edho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed za\u00fato\u010dili na oslaben\u00e9 Kart\u00e1go b\u011bhem \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 invaze a zdevastovali jejich farmy a polnosti. Tis\u00edce venkovan\u016f muselo uprchnout do hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Kart\u00e1ga, kter\u00e9 jako posledn\u00ed m\u011bsto zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo dobrou ochranu uvnit\u0159 hradeb. To se stalo obrovsk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, proto\u017ee Kart\u00e1go bylo od\u0159\u00edznuto od z\u00e1sob a ve m\u011bst\u011b jednodu\u0161e nebyl dostatek j\u00eddla pro v\u0161echny.<\/p>\n

Konzul Regulus si byl dob\u0159e v\u011bdom, \u017ee mor\u00e1lka Kartaginc\u016f je na dn\u011b a dobyt\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga je na dosah ruky. V\u011bd\u011bl tak\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u0161echny v\u00fdhody na sv\u00e9 stran\u011b, krom\u011b jedin\u00e9. Konzulovi pomalu doch\u00e1zel \u010das, proto\u017ee se bl\u00ed\u017eil konec jeho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0obavy, \u017ee by jeho n\u00e1stupce shr\u00e1bl ve\u0161ker\u00fd triumf p\u0159i dobyt\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga, se rozhodl pozvat ty nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osoby z\u00a0kartaginsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, aby s\u00a0nimi jednal o kapitulaci m\u011bsta diplomatickou cestou. Konzul Regulus m\u011bl za sebou \u0159adu v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a triumf\u016f a stal se tak\u00e9 dost py\u0161n\u00fdm, jak u\u017e to u \u0158\u00edman\u016f \u010dasto chodilo. C\u00edtil se u\u017e jako v\u00edt\u011bz a delegaci z\u00a0Kart\u00e1ga to d\u00e1val jasn\u011b najevo. Podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 jim p\u0159edstavil byly pro Kartagince naprosto nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 a kapitulaci Kartaginci odm\u00edtli. Regulus to bral jako ur\u00e1\u017eku a nevd\u011b\u010dnost ze strany Kartaginc\u016f a nechal je v\u0161echny vyhnat ze sv\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora.<\/p>\n

Kartaginci se vr\u00e1tili do m\u011bsta a cel\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edrali se sen\u00e1tem a radou star\u0161\u00edch. Sen\u00e1t sv\u00fdm vyslanc\u016fm pod\u011bkoval za odvahu p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhl\u00e1sil ve m\u011bst\u011b, \u017ee se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm nikdy nevzdaj\u00ed. Navzdory t\u011bm nejhor\u0161\u00edm vyhl\u00eddk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 je \u010dekaly, byli Kartaginci odhodl\u00e1ni br\u00e1nit se a\u017e do konce.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi toti\u017e Kartaginci stihli vyslat n\u00e1bor\u00e1\u0159e \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016f do \u0158ecka a okoln\u00edch region\u016f. Jednomu z\u00a0nich se v\u00a0dob\u011b jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u0158\u00edmany a Kartaginci poda\u0159ilo p\u0159iv\u00e9st \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9 vojsko, ve kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1zel i spartsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk Xanthippus.<\/p>\n

Vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdcvik absolvoval dle star\u00fdch spartsk\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f a m\u011bl mnoho zku\u0161enost\u00ed s\u00a0v\u00e1l\u010den\u00edm. Po p\u0159\u00edjezdu se doslechl v\u0161e o \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edch i o tom, jak Kartaginci vedli v\u00e1lku. Velmi brzy p\u0159i\u0161el na to, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9m je nekompetentn\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed. Arm\u00e1da m\u011bla zku\u0161en\u00e9 \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e, po\u010detnou a v\u00fdbornou j\u00edzdu a tak\u00e9 drtivou s\u00edlu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch slon\u016f. Oproti tomu discipl\u00edna vojsk a taktick\u00e9 sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed velitel\u016f vojsk bylo podle Xanthippa katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny jeho my\u0161lenky sd\u00edlel se sv\u00fdmi spolubojovn\u00edky z\u00a0\u0158ecka a brzy se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily d\u00e1le, a\u017e se donesly ke kartaginsk\u00fdm gener\u00e1l\u016fm. Gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 zareagovali, tak \u017ee nechali Xanthippa p\u0159edv\u00e9st a umo\u017enili mu vysv\u011btlit jeho kritick\u00e9 postoje. Xanthippus p\u0159ed v\u0161emi gener\u00e1ly p\u0159edstoupil a \u0159ekl jim v\u0161e, co si o jejich po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00e1lce mysl\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00eddl \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jak by se cel\u00e1 situace dala vy\u0159e\u0161it a porazit \u0158\u00edmany v\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9m boji, ne\u017e bude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b a budou st\u00e1t p\u0159ed branami. Xanthippus na gener\u00e1ly ud\u011blal dojem a poda\u0159ilo se mu je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, proto\u017ee mu sv\u011b\u0159ili velen\u00ed nad pozemn\u00edm vojskem.<\/p>\n

Spartsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk neot\u00e1lel a nechal celou arm\u00e1du se\u0159adit a vypochodovat p\u0159ed m\u011bstskou br\u00e1nu. Na otev\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru za\u010dal pot\u00e9 s jednotkami drilovat discipl\u00ednu. Vyd\u00e1val rozkazy jednotliv\u00fdm odd\u00edl\u016fm k\u00a0pochodu a tvorb\u011b bojov\u00fdch formac\u00ed. Takto voj\u00e1ci pod Xanthippov\u00fdm velen\u00edm cvi\u010dili n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00fddn\u016f. Po tomto v\u00fdcviku se mor\u00e1lka voj\u00e1k\u016f \u00fadajn\u011b tak pozvedla a\u017e prohla\u0161ovali, \u017ee pod velen\u00edm Xanthippa ur\u010dit\u011b \u0158\u00edmany v dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0bitv\u011b poraz\u00ed. Dokonce trvali na tom, \u017ee se cht\u011bj\u00ed s\u00a0\u0158\u00edmany utkat p\u0159i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. Za n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed vydali gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 rozkaz k\u00a0pochodu proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm. Cel\u00e9 vojsko \u010d\u00edtalo 12\u00a0000 p\u011b\u0161\u00e1k\u016f, 4\u00a0000 jezdc\u016f a 100 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch slon\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitv\u011b u mysu Eknomus m\u011bli \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 voln\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed koridor a\u017e ke b\u0159eh\u016fm severn\u00ed Afriky<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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BITVA U TUNISU<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko na sv\u00e9m pochodu dle Xanthippov\u00fdch rad t\u00e1bo\u0159ilo na voln\u00e9m a otev\u0159en\u00e9m prostranstv\u00ed. Vzhledem ke slo\u017een\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9ho vojska \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 znejist\u011bli a chv\u00edli jim trvalo, ne\u017e se rozhodli kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko konfrontovat. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b ut\u00e1bo\u0159ili asi dva kilometry od Kartaginc\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed den se v\u00a0kartaginsk\u00e9m t\u00e1bo\u0159e se\u0161la v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 rada. Mor\u00e1lka vojska byla vysok\u00e1 a jejich z\u00e1pal pro boj se pomalu nedal kontrolovat. Xanthippus nav\u00edc na gener\u00e1ly nal\u00e9hal, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ud\u011blali chybu a je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161ance je porazit. Spartsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk trval na tom, \u017ee v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed sloni a siln\u00e1 j\u00edzda bude m\u00edt na otev\u0159en\u00e9m a rovn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu nad \u0158\u00edmany obrovskou v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n

\u201eMus\u00edme na \u0158\u00edmany za\u00fato\u010dit te\u010f! ud\u011blali chybu, kdy\u017e sem p\u0159i\u0161li oni za n\u00e1mi. M\u00e1me je p\u0159esn\u011b tam, kde jsme je cht\u011bli m\u00edt! V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed sloni rozdrt\u00ed jejich st\u0159ed a na\u0161e j\u00edzda rozbije jejich k\u0159\u00eddla. \u0158\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ci ve st\u0159edu formace se budou dr\u017eet bl\u00edzko sebe a p\u0159esn\u011b v tom momentu je obkl\u00ed\u010d\u00edme a pobijeme. Lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost u\u017e m\u00edt nebudeme,\u201c nal\u00e9hal na gener\u00e1ly Xanthippus.\u00a0 Gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 nakonec souhlasili a op\u011bt p\u0159edali Xanthippovi velen\u00ed nad vojskem.<\/p>\n

Xanthippus do \u010dela vojska rozm\u00edstil v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 slony v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 linii. Za v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 slony um\u00edstil t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 falangy. Boky falang chr\u00e1nili \u0159e\u010dt\u00ed \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i a lehkou p\u011bchotu spolu s\u00a0j\u00edzdou um\u00edstil na k\u0159\u00eddla. \u0158\u00edmani na nab\u00eddku k\u00a0boji odpov\u011bd\u011bli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b a tak\u00e9 se za\u010dali \u0159adit na boji\u0161t\u011b. S\u00a0bojem proti slon\u016fm m\u011bli ji\u017e bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, a tak v\u00a0prvn\u00ed linii byli rozm\u00edst\u011bni velites<\/em>, za nimi byla um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 p\u011bchota, rozestav\u011bn\u00e1 do n\u011bkolika manipul\u016f za sebou. J\u00edzda se rozd\u011blila na k\u0159\u00eddla cel\u00e9 formace. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 formace byla u\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle, ale za to hlub\u0161\u00ed, evidentn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 pro boj s\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi slony. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed v\u0161ak podcenilo s\u00edlu kartaginsk\u00e9 j\u00edzdy, kter\u00e1 n\u011bkolika n\u00e1sobn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161ovala tu \u0159\u00edmskou.<\/p>\n

Jakmile byly ob\u011b arm\u00e1dy rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 a zaujaly bojov\u00e9 formace, Xanthippus zavelel v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm slon\u016fm k\u00a0\u00fatoku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b. \u00datok slon\u016f se vyhnul \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti st\u0159edov\u00e9 formace, kter\u00e1 pokra\u010dovala sm\u011brem kup\u0159edu proti \u0159eck\u00fdm \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016fm, zat\u00edmco levou \u010d\u00e1st st\u0159edov\u00e9 formace drtil n\u00e1por v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch slon\u016f.<\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se na obou k\u0159\u00eddlech utkala kartaginsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda s\u00a0tou \u0159\u00edmskou. Jeliko\u017e byla kartaginsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda byla brzy rozdrcena. Na \u0159\u00edmskou p\u011bchotu po \u00fatoku slon\u016f za\u00fato\u010dily kartaginsk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 falangy. Pro ot\u0159esen\u00e9 \u0158\u00edmany to znamenalo velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m, p\u0159esto\u017ee se jim zat\u00edm da\u0159ilo dr\u017eet formaci. Kartaginsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda brzy \u0159\u00edmskou p\u011bchotu obkl\u00ed\u010dila a napadala je z\u00a0d\u00e1lky o\u0161t\u011bpy.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 byli nyn\u00ed pod tlakem zep\u0159edu od falang a z boku a zezadu od j\u00edzdy a slon\u016f, kter\u00fdm se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt \u00favodn\u00ed \u00fatok. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho vojska se ocitla v pasti, ze kter\u00e9 u\u017e nebylo \u00faniku a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 jeden po druh\u00e9m um\u00edrali. Z boji\u0161t\u011b se stala naprost\u00e1 jatka a pouze asi 500 legion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo probojovat z obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b konzula Regula. Kr\u00e1tce na to byli op\u011bt obkl\u00ed\u010deni a tentokr\u00e1t zajati. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fdm manipul\u016fm z prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti st\u0159edov\u00e9 formace, kter\u00e9 porazily \u0159eck\u00e9 \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e, se poda\u0159ilo vyhnout obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed a uprchnout zp\u011bt do m\u011bsta Aspis.<\/p>\n

Pro Kartagince to bylo velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. V\u00a0t\u00e1bo\u0159e propukla euforie a voj\u00e1ci provol\u00e1vali Xanthippovi sl\u00e1vu. V\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu propukli obrovsk\u00e9 oslavy a v\u0161ichni obyvatel\u00e9 slavili toto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad \u0158\u00edmany.<\/p>\n

Pro \u0158\u00edmany bitva dopadla naprosto katastrof\u00e1ln\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina voj\u00e1k\u016f le\u017eela mrtv\u00e1 na boji\u0161ti a n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo stovek p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch padlo do zajet\u00ed. Co bylo je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd konzul tak\u00e9 padl do zajet\u00ed, a to byla pro \u0158\u00edmany obrovsk\u00e1 potupa.<\/p>\n

D\u016eSLEDKY BITVY U TUNISU \u2013 KONEC \u0158\u00cdMSK\u00c9 INVAZE<\/strong><\/h4>\n

V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v\u00a0bitv\u011b u Tunisu pro Kartagince znamenalo osvobozen\u00ed hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta a zm\u011bnu v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1ze sil v\u00a0severn\u00ed Africe. P\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm manipul\u016fm (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f) se poda\u0159ilo uprchnout zp\u011bt do m\u011bsta Aspis, kter\u00e9 Kartaginci neprodlen\u011b oblehli. Obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed nakonec selhalo d\u00edky state\u010dnosti a hou\u017eevnatosti obr\u00e1nc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se br\u00e1nili zuby nehty. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00edm sta\u010dili \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 odeslat zpr\u00e1vu do \u0158\u00edma. Sen\u00e1t pot\u00e9 vyslal flotilu o s\u00edle 350 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed k\u00a0Aspisu, aby vyzvedly p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed voj\u00e1ky z\u00a0invazn\u00edho vojska. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 operace se \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotile poda\u0159ilo porazit narychlo svolanou kartaginskou flotilu a uko\u0159istit dokonce dal\u0161\u00edch 114 lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tce potom, co \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 flotila vyzvedla p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed z invazn\u00edho vojska, ude\u0159ila na flotilu nedaleko Sic\u00edlie tak ni\u010div\u00e1 bou\u0159e, \u017ee se ji poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat pouze 80 lod\u00edm. Zbytek flotily byl rozmet\u00e1n v\u00a0bou\u0159i a rozdrcen na skalisk\u00e1ch u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Sic\u00edlie a pl\u00e1\u017ee brzy zaplavily mrtvoly a vraky lod\u00ed. \u0158\u00edmany st\u00edhala jedna katastrofa za druhou, ale ani to je neodradilo pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9m c\u00edli rozdrtit Kart\u00e1go.<\/p>\n

Zachr\u00e1nce Kart\u00e1ga Xanthippus, kter\u00fdm bez pochyby byl, se kr\u00e1tce po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 bitv\u011b u Tunisu vydal na cestu zp\u011bt do \u0158ecka. Mu\u017e jeho schopnost\u00ed a zku\u0161enost\u00ed moc dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee takov\u00e1 sl\u00e1va a pozornost nen\u00ed pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka v\u00a0ciz\u00ed zemi p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1. Velk\u00e1 sl\u00e1va a \u00fasp\u011bchy \u010dasto bud\u00ed u ostatn\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f a politik\u016f z\u00e1vist a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pomluv. To m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00e9st k\u00a0pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1sil\u00ed, a nakonec ke smrti.<\/p>\n

Kart\u00e1gu se nakonec poda\u0159ilo \u0159\u00edmskou invazi p\u0159ekazit a vytla\u010dit \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky ze sv\u00e9 domoviny pry\u010d. Velitel\u00e9 i vojsko z\u00edskali zp\u011bt sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a mor\u00e1lka byla na maximu. V\u0161ichni si ale dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee v\u00e1lka o nadvl\u00e1du ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed u konce a jejich nep\u0159\u00edtel nenech\u00e1 svou por\u00e1\u017eku bez odezvy.<\/p>\n

Jak by se vyv\u00edjela Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/em>, kdyby Kartaginc\u016fm nepomohl spartsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk Xanthippus? Poda\u0159ilo by se Kartaginc\u016fm \u0158\u00edmany i tak porazit?<\/p>\n

LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd ZDROJE<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Polybios:<\/em> D\u011bjiny<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Livius, Titus:<\/em> D\u011bjiny od zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Goldsworthy, Adrian:<\/em> P\u00e1d Kart\u00e1ga<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Hoyos, Dexter:<\/em> Mastering the West:<\/strong> Rome and Carthage at War<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Bagnall, Nigel:<\/em> The Punic Wars: Rome, Carthage and the Struggle for the Mediterranean<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zv\u00edt\u011bzili v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitv\u011b historie a otev\u0159ela se jim voln\u00e1 cesta na \u00fazem\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga. Po bitv\u011b u mysu Eknomus \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci rychle za\u0159adili uko\u0159ist\u011bn\u00e9 kartaginsk\u00e9 lod\u011b do sv\u00e9 flotily. Po\u0161kozen\u00e9 lod\u011b nechali opravit a vypluli i s celou invazn\u00ed arm\u00e1dou sm\u011brem k africk\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 zbytky kartaginsk\u00e9 flotily se mezit\u00edm vrac\u00ed do Kart\u00e1ga, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,6,3],"tags":[39,35,18,36,17,40,37],"class_list":["post-4323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kartago","category-politika","category-punske-valky","tag-adys","tag-invaze","tag-kartago","tag-libye","tag-prvni-punska-valka","tag-regulus","tag-xanthippus"],"blocksy_meta":{"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","ebf38a37a7210e8b2eae1c5591996d46":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_alignment1":"left","hero_alignment2":"center","hero_height":{"0":"2","1":"3","2":"0","3":"p","4":"x","desktop":"500px","tablet":"500px","mobile":"500px","__changed":[]},"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":2710,"url":"https:\/\/startersites.io\/blocksy\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/valdemaras-d-1053561-unsplash-1024x576.jpg"},"parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"50b5de3a778be56786a9251e46da72fb":"","single_meta_elements":{"author":true,"date":true,"categories":true,"comments":true,"updated":false,"tags":false},"has_meta_label":"yes","has_meta_avatar":"yes","date_format_source":"custom","single_meta_date_format":"M 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