{"id":4363,"date":"2025-12-25T17:57:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T16:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/?p=4363"},"modified":"2026-05-09T19:36:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T17:36:29","slug":"oblehani-lilybaea-namorni-prokleti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/en\/2025\/12\/25\/oblehani-lilybaea-namorni-prokleti\/","title":{"rendered":"#7 Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: Obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Lilybaea – N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed proklet\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v roce 250 p\u0159.n.l. ve v\u00e1lce op\u011bt p\u0159evzali iniciativu. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 obrana Panorma a ne\u010dekan\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kartaginskou arm\u00e1dou \u0158\u00edmany povzbudilo, a tak za\u010dali pomalu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad t\u00edm, \u017ee mohou nyn\u00ed v\u00e1lku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ukon\u010dit a donutit Kart\u00e1go kapitulovat. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd sen\u00e1t neztr\u00e1cel \u010das a na\u0159\u00eddil pos\u00edlit flotilu, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla vyplout na k Lilybaeu \u2013 jedn\u00e9 z posledn\u00edch kartaginsk\u00fdch pevnost\u00ed na Sic\u00edlii.<\/p>\n

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\u201eMus\u00edme odtud okam\u017eit\u011b odplout, jinak n\u00e1s bou\u0159e zni\u010d\u00ed!\u201c<\/p>\n

Kartaginsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1n<\/em><\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

\u0158\u00cdMSK\u00dd \u00daTOK NA LILYBAEUM<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Pos\u00edlen\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 flotila o po\u010dtu 200 lod\u00ed zah\u00e1jila n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed blok\u00e1du Lilybaea. Mezit\u00edm m\u011bsto oblehla i pozemn\u00ed vojska. Z\u00e1m\u011bry \u0158\u00edman\u016f byly Kartaginc\u016fm z\u0159ejm\u00e9, nejprve obsad\u00ed posledn\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9 pevnosti na Sic\u00edlii a podrob\u00ed si tak cel\u00fd ostrov, a potom vyraz\u00ed s\u00a0invazn\u00edm vojskem op\u011bt do Libye s\u00a0c\u00edlem oblehnout Kart\u00e1go a donutit tak Kartagince kapitulovat. Nejprve v\u0161ak mus\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 dokon\u010dit pr\u00e1ci na Sic\u00edlii a v\u00a0tom jim budou cht\u00edt Kartaginci v\u0161emi prost\u0159edky zabr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n

Lilybaeum nebude lehk\u00e9 dob\u00fdt, proto\u017ee je to jedno z nejl\u00e9pe opevn\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bst na Sic\u00edlii. Samotn\u00e9 m\u011bsto chr\u00e1n\u00ed mohutn\u00e9 zdi s obrann\u00fdmi v\u011b\u017eemi a hlubok\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkopem. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 stejn\u011b jako v minulosti u Agrigenta rozd\u011blili svoje s\u00edly do dvou t\u00e1bor\u016f a spojen\u00ed mezi t\u00e1bory zabezpe\u010dili palis\u00e1dou a p\u0159\u00edkopem. Konzulov\u00e9 ale tentokr\u00e1t necht\u011bli ponechat nic n\u00e1hod\u011b a vyu\u017e\u00edvali zku\u0161enosti z minul\u00fdch obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed, za kter\u00e9 jejich p\u0159edch\u016fdci mnohokr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017ece zaplatili.<\/p>\n

Vybudovali celou \u0159adu obl\u00e9hac\u00edch stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1nil um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00fd val. \u0160est obrann\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed bylo \u017eenijn\u00edmi specialisty podkop\u00e1no a zbour\u00e1no nebo po\u0161kozeno. Ostatn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee a \u010d\u00e1sti hradeb byly soustavn\u011b napad\u00e1ny beranidly a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi balisty.<\/p>\n

Obrann\u00e9 body se ka\u017ed\u00fdm dnem hroutily a obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta i \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i najat\u00ed k obran\u011b za\u010dali propadat zoufalstv\u00ed a panice. V \u010d\u00edm zoufalej\u0161\u00ed situaci se obr\u00e1nci nach\u00e1zeli, t\u00edm tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed byl ale jejich odpor. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den i noc museli \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eet zu\u0159iv\u00e9 \u00fatoky na obl\u00e9hac\u00ed stroje, kter\u00e9 obr\u00e1nce i \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky st\u00e1ly mnoho \u017eivot\u016f.<\/p>\n

Velitelem obrany m\u011bsta byl gener\u00e1l Himilko a byl pov\u011b\u0159en i velen\u00edm nad \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i. Gener\u00e1l byl v obran\u011b velmi zatvrzel\u00fd a vyu\u017e\u00edval ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k \u00fatoku na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky. Jeho c\u00edlem bylo zap\u00e1lit obl\u00e9hac\u00ed stroje a zni\u010dit \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 tunely, aby \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 nemohli v obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010dovat. Ztratit Lilybaeum si Kartaginci zkr\u00e1tka nemohli dovolit.<\/p>\n

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Lilybaeum \u010del\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9mu obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ZR\u00c1DN\u00cd \u017dOLDN\u00c9\u0158I \u2013 PROD\u00c1N\u00cd M\u011aSTA \u0158\u00cdMAN\u016eM<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A\u010dkoliv se obr\u00e1nci \u0158\u00edman\u016fm urputn\u011b br\u00e1nili, nelze opomenout, \u017ee m\u011bsto m\u011blo pouze omezen\u00e9 z\u00e1soby a v\u011bt\u0161ina vojska se skl\u00e1dala z \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali pro toho, kdo nab\u00eddne v\u00edce pen\u011bz.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st velitel\u016f \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9ho vojska ztratila nad\u011bji, \u017ee by se m\u011bsto bylo schopn\u00e9 ubr\u00e1nit a jednoho dne se v noci tito velitel\u00e9 vydali do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora a \u017e\u00e1dali audienci u konzula, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 m\u011bli vyjednat podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch zrad\u00ed Kartagince a vydaj\u00ed m\u011bsto \u0158\u00edman\u016fm. To by t\u011bmto zr\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u017eold\u00e1k\u016fm i vy\u0161lo, kdyby nebylo jin\u00e9ho \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9ho velitele z \u0158ecka, Alexona z Achaea.<\/p>\n

Ten pl\u00e1ny zr\u00e1dc\u016f odhalil a prozradil je kartaginsk\u00e9mu veliteli Himilkovi. Gener\u00e1l musel jednat a svolal proto v\u0161echny zbyl\u00e9 \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9 velitele a d\u016fstojn\u00edky. V\u0161echny informoval o zrad\u011b a v\u0161em sl\u00edbil, \u017ee budou odm\u011bn\u011bni mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e jim bylo p\u016fvodn\u011b nab\u00eddnuto, a nav\u00edc dostanou i pod\u00edl zr\u00e1dc\u016f. Alexona vyslal mezi \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e do t\u00e1bora, aby informoval voj\u00e1ky o zrad\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil je k loajalit\u011b v\u016f\u010di Kart\u00e1gu. Hannibala (jeho\u017e otce Hannibala Gisca popravili vlastn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci u Sardinie) vyslal ke keltsk\u00fdm \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016fm, se kter\u00fdmi m\u011bl dobr\u00e9 vztahy a \u00fa\u010dastnil se s nimi n\u011bkolika boj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Co p\u0159esn\u011b gener\u00e1l \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016fm nasliboval nev\u00edme, ale p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dilo je to natolik, \u017ee kdy\u017e se zr\u00e1dci vraceli od \u0158\u00edman\u016f zp\u011bt do m\u011bsta, obr\u00e1nci na n\u011b vypustili smr\u0161\u0165 \u0161\u00edp\u016f a kamen\u016f a oni tak museli ut\u00e9ct.<\/p>\n

POSILY Z\u00a0KART\u00c1GA \u2013 NOV\u00c1 NAD\u011aJE PRO OBR\u00c1NCE<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ani\u017e by v\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu v\u011bd\u011bli, co p\u0159esn\u011b se d\u011bje v\u00a0obl\u00e9han\u00e9m Lilybaeu, tak i p\u0159esto na z\u00e1klad\u011b\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed vyslali na pomoc flotilu o po\u010dtu 50 lod\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch bylo 10\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f. Flotila byla vysl\u00e1na pro jedin\u00fd \u00fa\u010del, pos\u00edlit pos\u00e1dku m\u011bsta a p\u0159eru\u0161it \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Navzdory tomu, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 m\u011bli okolo p\u0159\u00edstavu rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 svoje lod\u011b, rozhodli se p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9 posily nekonfrontovat. Kartaginsk\u00e9 lod\u011b vyu\u017eili p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho v\u011btru, aby se dostaly do p\u0159\u00edstavu, co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejrychleji. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se ale rad\u011bji dr\u017eeli na otev\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i, proto\u017ee \u00fast\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavu bylo obehnan\u00e9 m\u011bl\u010dinami a skalisky a ten kdo m\u00edstn\u00ed vody nezn\u00e1 by mohl snadno uv\u00edznout nebo ztroskotat, to \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky necht\u011bly riskovat a rad\u011bji spol\u00e9haly na to, \u017ee si pozemn\u00ed vojsko s posilami porad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Obyvatel\u00e9 a obr\u00e1nci m\u011bsta neskr\u00fdvali obrovskou radost z\u00a0posil, kter\u00e9 dorazily z\u00a0jejich domoviny. Mor\u00e1lka vojska se ihned povznesla a v\u0161ichni za\u010dali nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed v\u00edtat. Radov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nebylo dlouh\u00e9, i p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edjezd posil na tom nebyli obr\u00e1nci dob\u0159e. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 pomalu postupovali v\u00a0obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed a bylo tedy na\u010dase zah\u00e1jit proti\u00fatok.<\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1l Himilko okam\u017eit\u011b svolal v\u00e1le\u010dnou radu a spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi gener\u00e1ly vymysleli pl\u00e1n proti\u00fatoku. \u201eMus\u00edme eliminovat obl\u00e9hac\u00ed stroje, proto\u017ee jestli se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 dostanou do m\u011bsta, je s\u00a0n\u00e1mi konec,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil Himilko k\u00a0d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm v\u00a0\u00favodu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 porady.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd den za rozb\u0159esku Kartaginci za\u00fato\u010dili na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 obl\u00e9hac\u00ed stroje. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 \u00fatok p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, a tak tyto pozice pos\u00edlili. Kartaginci za\u00fato\u010dili plnou silou a z\u00a0m\u011bsta se vyno\u0159ilo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20\u00a0000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, ale st\u00e1le byli p\u0159evy\u0161ov\u00e1ni po\u010dtem \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Zanedlouho se z\u00a0organizovan\u00fdch formac\u00ed stala obrovsk\u00e1 masa voj\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e1 se shrom\u00e1\u017edila kolem obl\u00e9hac\u00edch stroj\u016f. Bitva se prom\u011bnila v\u00a0naprost\u00fd chaos, kde se v\u0161echny formace rozpustily a ka\u017ed\u00fd voj\u00e1k bojoval pouze s\u00e1m za sebe. Z boje se stala naprost\u00e1 \u0159e\u017e a u obl\u00e9hac\u00edch stroj\u016f se za\u010daly hromadit mrtvoly obr\u00e1nc\u016f i \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1nci bojovali zu\u0159iv\u011b a sna\u017eili se obl\u00e9hac\u00ed stroje pol\u00edt ho\u0159lavinou a zap\u00e1lit, v\u00a0tom jim v\u0161ak br\u00e1nili \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 do posledn\u00edho dechu. Nakonec se bitva pro \u0158\u00edmany za\u010dala vyv\u00edjet \u0161patn\u011b. Obr\u00e1nci je za cenu velk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t postupn\u011b vytla\u010dovali z\u00a0jejich pozic, kdy\u017e v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli zatroubil kartaginsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l na trubku a zavelel k\u00a0\u00fastupu.<\/p>\n

Ob\u00e1val se, \u017ee p\u0159i pokusu zni\u010dit obl\u00e9hac\u00ed stroje ztrat\u00ed a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho voj\u00e1k\u016f, a tak na\u0159\u00eddil \u00fastup. Kdy\u017e obr\u00e1nci ustoupili zp\u011bt do m\u011bsta, p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina jejich obl\u00e9hac\u00edch stroj\u016f a vybaven\u00ed z\u016fstala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nedot\u010den\u00e1.<\/p>\n

OBL\u00c9H\u00c1N\u00cd LILYBAEA POKRA\u010cUJE<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m proti\u00fatoku to zkou\u0161eli obr\u00e1nci znovu a znovu, a\u017e se jednoho dne \u0159eck\u00fdm \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016fm poda\u0159ilo zap\u00e1lit d\u00edky siln\u00e9mu v\u011btru hned n\u011bkolik obl\u00e9hac\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed a beranidel. Po tomto \u00fatoku \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161ili ve\u0161ker\u00e9 obl\u00e9hac\u00ed operace a m\u00edsto toho kolem cel\u00e9ho m\u011bsta vyhloubili p\u0159\u00edkop a za n\u011bj um\u00edstili obrannou palis\u00e1du.<\/p>\n

Oba sv\u00e9 t\u00e1bory opevnili, zabezpe\u010dili v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 cesty do m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu a nechali \u010das dokonat zk\u00e1zu m\u011bsta. Kartaginci vyu\u017eili, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ponechali aktivn\u00edho obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed a opravili v\u011bt\u0161inu poni\u010den\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hradeb a v\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ale vymysleli nov\u00fd pl\u00e1n. Konzul Publius Claudius Pulcher s\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily vyraz\u00ed do Drepany, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt bez obrany a jej\u00ed\u017e pos\u00e1dka nebude \u00fatok v\u00a0dob\u011b obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Lilybaea p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat. Po tom, co by Drepana snadno padla do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch rukou by Lilybaeum bylo posledn\u00edm kartaginsk\u00fdm m\u011bstem na Sic\u00edlii a byla by jen ot\u00e1zka \u010dasu, ne\u017e by obr\u00e1nce vyhladov\u011bli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u0158\u00edm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd ostrov, Kartaginci dr\u017e\u00ed posledn\u00ed pevnosti na z\u00e1pad\u011b ostrova<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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NAPADEN\u00cd DREPANY<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd konzul n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed noc i s \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed flotily bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed odplul do Drepany. Do sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle doplul za \u00fasvitu a velitel m\u00edstn\u00ed pos\u00e1dky Adherbal z\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdch hradeb spat\u0159il prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b na obzoru. Hned mu bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee jsou pod \u00fatokem a mus\u00ed jednat okam\u017eit\u011b, ne\u017e je \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zablokuj\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstavu odkud nebude \u00faniku.<\/p>\n

Rozhodl se, \u017ee mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout jak\u00e9koliv opat\u0159en\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e sebev\u00edc zoufal\u00e9 nebo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Adherbal si byl jist\u00fd, \u017ee jeho lod\u011b budou rychlej\u0161\u00ed a jeho pos\u00e1dky zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a proto nechal v\u0161echny lod\u011b z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstavu vyplout na otev\u0159en\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kde m\u011bl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci usp\u011bt v\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitv\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eOkam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ipravte v\u0161echny lod\u011b k\u00a0vyplut\u00ed. Budeme p\u0159edst\u00edrat \u00fastup na otev\u0159en\u00e9 mo\u0159e a jakmile \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 vpluj\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edstavu, oto\u010d\u00edme se a vyraz\u00edme do \u00fatoku. Chytneme je do pasti, odkud nebude \u00faniku!\u201c rozk\u00e1zal Adherbal sv\u00fdm kapit\u00e1n\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd konzul Claudius o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee se nep\u0159\u00edtel bu\u010f vzd\u00e1, nebo se alespo\u0148 nech\u00e1 jeho \u00fatokem zastra\u0161it. Byl v\u0161ak p\u0159ekvapen, kdy\u017e vid\u011bl, \u017ee prchaj\u00edc\u00ed lod\u011b se ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed a p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed se k bitv\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z jeho lod\u00ed byly ji\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstavu a dal\u0161\u00ed u \u00fast\u00ed, ale na\u0159\u00eddil jim v\u0161em, aby se oto\u010dily a vypluly sm\u011brem ke kartaginsk\u00fdm lod\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\u201eA\u0165 se v\u0161echny lod\u011b oto\u010d\u00ed a zformuj\u00ed se p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstavem!\u201c vyk\u0159ikoval rozkazy konzul. Tyto man\u00e9vry zp\u016fsobily n\u011bkolik koliz\u00ed, ale nakonec se \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b se\u0159adily do linie p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstavem a naproti nim se se\u0159adily kartaginsk\u00e9 lod\u011b. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 te\u010f m\u011bli v\u00a0z\u00e1dech p\u0159\u00edstav s\u00a0pevninou, zat\u00edmco Kartaginci za sebou m\u011bli otev\u0159en\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 jim d\u00e1valo v\u00fdhodu mo\u017enosti \u00fastupu a p\u0159eskupen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po tom, co se ob\u011b formace lod\u00ed st\u0159etly, se zd\u00e1l boj vyrovnan\u00fd, jeliko\u017e na palubu byli na obou stran\u00e1ch vybr\u00e1ni jen ti nejlep\u0161\u00ed mu\u017ei. Jak ale bitva pokra\u010dovala, za\u010dali m\u00edt Kartaginci p\u0159evahu a p\u0159evzali iniciativu. Jejich lod\u011b byly rychlej\u0161\u00ed a obratn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u011bly i pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pos\u00e1dky, vzhledem k\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm katastrof\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 postihly \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech. Dle historika Polybia v\u0161ak nejv\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvali otev\u0159en\u00e9ho mo\u0159e za sv\u00fdmi z\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st kartaginsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed p\u0159i bitv\u011b ustoupila za svou linii, oto\u010dila se a za lini\u00ed sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch lod\u00ed se bezpe\u010dn\u011b dostala k\u00a0\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm lod\u00edm z\u00a0boku nebo zezadu, to zp\u016fsobilo \u0158\u00edman\u016fm velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Mnoho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed tak skon\u010dilo potopen\u00fdch nebo uv\u00edznut\u00fdch na m\u011bl\u010din\u011b p\u0159i pokusu ustoupit. Kdy\u017e konzul vid\u011bl, \u017ee padl se sv\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi do pasti rozhodl se z bitvy uprchnout. Mimo konzulovu lo\u010f se poda\u0159ilo uprchnout dal\u0161\u00edm 30 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm lod\u00edm. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 93 lod\u00ed Kartaginci potopili nebo uko\u0159istili.<\/p>\n

Adherbal byl oslavov\u00e1n sv\u00fdmi pos\u00e1dkami jako hrdina, kter\u00fd zachr\u00e1nil Drepanu. Naproti tomu konzul Claudius se uvalil sv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00a0nemilost po cel\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b. Dokonce byl p\u0159edvol\u00e1n p\u0159ed soud, \u017ee v\u00a0dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lky se svou moc\u00ed konzula nakl\u00e1dal neuv\u00e1\u017een\u011b a nezodpov\u011bdn\u011b. Byl obvi\u0148en za ztr\u00e1tu lod\u00ed a pos\u00e1dek a za ve\u0161ker\u00e1 svoje obvin\u011bn\u00ed nakonec musel se \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm zaplatit jen tu\u010dnou pokutu.<\/p>\n

KARTAGINSK\u00c1 DOMINANCE NA MO\u0158I \u2013 DEVASTACE DAL\u0160\u00cdCH \u0158\u00cdMSK\u00ddCH FLOTIL<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m napaden\u00ed Drepany byli v\u00a0\u0158\u00edm\u011b v\u00a0roce 248 p\u0159.n.l. zvoleni dal\u0161\u00ed konzulov\u00e9. Jeden z\u00a0nich \u2013 Lucius Junius Pullus vyrazil s\u00a0konvojem 60 lod\u00ed do Messany. Konvoj byl nalo\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1sobami, obil\u00edm a vybaven\u00edm pro arm\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1le obl\u00e9hala Lilybaeum. V\u00a0Messan\u011b se k\u00a0jeho konvoji p\u0159idalo dal\u0161\u00edch n\u011bkolik stovek lod\u00ed z\u00a0cel\u00e9 Sic\u00edlie a z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch kout\u016f \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n

Konzulova flotila vyrazila z\u00a0Messany sm\u011brem k\u00a0Syrakus\u00e1m a \u010d\u00edtala na 120 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed a p\u0159es 800 dal\u0161\u00edch plavidel, kter\u00e9 vezly n\u00e1klad pro pozemn\u00ed vojsko. Konzul v\u00a0Syrakus\u00e1ch rozd\u011blil svoji flotilu do dvou. Vy\u010dlenil n\u011bkolik v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed a asi polovinu z\u00e1sobovac\u00edch lod\u00ed a pov\u011b\u0159il quaestory<\/em>, aby s\u00a0touto \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed flotily vyrazili nap\u0159ed, proto\u017ee cht\u011bl, aby z\u00e1soby pro pozemn\u00ed vojsko u Lilybaea dorazily co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u0159\u00edve. S\u00e1m potom se zbytkem flotily z\u016fstal v\u00a0Syrakus\u00e1ch a \u010dekal na dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed lod\u011b, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bly k\u00a0jeho konvoji p\u0159ipojit pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b ostrova Kartaginci podnikali vlastn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny. Gener\u00e1l Adherbal, kter\u00fd \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ubr\u00e1nil Drepanu a uko\u0159istil velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed, p\u0159edal veliteli Carthalovi 100 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed a ostatn\u00ed poslal i s\u00a0ko\u0159ist\u00ed a zajat\u00fdmi \u0158\u00edmany do Kart\u00e1ga. Carthalo byl pov\u011b\u0159en napaden\u00edm zbytku \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily, kter\u00e1 blokovala p\u0159\u00edstav u Lilybaea. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b m\u011bl zajmout, zap\u00e1lit nebo potopit.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e dorazil se svou p\u0159epadovou flotilou k\u00a0Lilybaeu, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 byli p\u0159ekvapeni, proto\u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1vali n\u00e1vrat sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch lod\u00ed a ne nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch. Carthalovi se tak poda\u0159ilo n\u011bkolik \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdm a rychl\u00fdm \u00fatokem vy\u0159adit. Po \u00fatoku se okam\u017eit\u011b st\u00e1hl a odplul sm\u011brem k Heraclee, kde o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee naraz\u00ed na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed lod\u011b.<\/p>\n

To se mu potvrdilo, kdy\u017e jeho pozorovatel\u00e9 hl\u00e1sili, \u017ee spat\u0159ili z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed flotilu, kterou vyslal konzul Pullus. \u0158\u00edmany na mo\u0159i pova\u017eoval za slab\u00e9 a okam\u017eit\u011b zvednul kotvy a vydal se na lov. P\u0159ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm konvojem pluly pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 lod\u011b a ty zalarmovaly zbytek flotily, kdy\u017e spat\u0159ily Carthalovu flotilu.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b okam\u017eit\u011b zakotvily u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a pos\u00e1dky rozestav\u011bly katapulty a balisty pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Kartaginci doufali, \u017ee se jim poda\u0159\u00ed \u0158\u00edmany zahnat z\u00a0pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed do nedalek\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, ale \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se k\u00a0jejich \u00fadivu pom\u011brn\u011b hou\u017eevnat\u011b br\u00e1nili, a tak Kartaginci zakotvili d\u00e1l od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a \u010dekali, jestli se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 opov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed znovu vyplout na mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0tuto dobu byl u\u017e na cest\u011b i konzul se zbytkem flotily, ani\u017e by v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st flotily, kterou poslal nap\u0159ed, byla nucena zakotvit a je uv\u011bzn\u011bna na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Carthalo se v\u0161ak o druh\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotile dozv\u011bd\u011bl od sv\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f v\u010das, zvedl kotvy a okam\u017eit\u011b vyrazil proti nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00edmu konzulovi a jeho flotile. Cht\u011bl druhou \u010d\u00e1st \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily napadnout, kdy\u017e byla odd\u011blen\u00e1 od prvn\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edt momentu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e konzul spat\u0159il kartaginskou flotilu, bylo u\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b zavelet k\u00a0\u00fastupu. Bitvu s\u00a0tolika z\u00e1sobovac\u00edmi plavidly riskovat necht\u011bl, a tak tak\u00e9 na\u0159\u00eddil sv\u00fdm lod\u00edm zakotvit na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159ipravit se k obran\u011b. Carthalo byl obez\u0159etn\u00fd a trp\u011bliv\u00fd velitel, a tak se rozhodl na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b ne\u00fato\u010dit, m\u00edsto toho se st\u00e1hl d\u00e1l od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a znovu zakotvil. Nyn\u00ed byly ob\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily zakotven\u00e9 u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a Kartaginci m\u011bli dokonal\u00fd v\u00fdhled na ob\u011b dv\u011b. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby pro obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Lilybaea te\u010f dr\u017eel Carthalo v\u00a0\u0161achu.<\/p>\n

Aby toho pro \u0158\u00edmany nebylo m\u00e1lo, za\u010dalo se zhor\u0161ovat po\u010das\u00ed a z\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9ho mo\u0159e se bl\u00ed\u017eila bou\u0159e. Carthalo m\u011bl v\u00a0pos\u00e1dce mnoho mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed vody znali a v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Sic\u00edlie je zr\u00e1dn\u00e9 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Tito mu\u017ei moc dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bli, co se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159emluvili Carthala, aby co nejd\u0159\u00edve odplul.<\/p>\n

\u201ePane bou\u0159e se tady jihu \u017eene rychle, m\u011bli bychom okam\u017eit\u011b zvednout kotvy a odplout na v\u00fdchod. O \u0158\u00edmany si starost ned\u011blejte, nestihnou se odtud dostat v\u010das a bou\u0159e je rozmet\u00e1 na kusy,\u201c radil Carthalovi jeho star\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

Carthalo sv\u00e9 mu\u017ee poslechl a s celou flotilou vyt\u00e1hl kotvy a odplul sm\u011brem k mysu Pachynus. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily se opravdu z pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed nestihly dostat v\u010das a bou\u0159e, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ihnala k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, doslova rozdrtila v\u011bt\u0161inu lod\u00ed na kusy. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 tak v jedin\u00e9m dni ztratili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 tis\u00edc lod\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9ho typu a ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, obil\u00ed a vybaven\u00ed pro pozemn\u00ed vojsko. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 flotila tak skon\u010dila zdevastovan\u00e1 na b\u0159ez\u00edch ji\u017en\u00ed Sic\u00edlie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u0158\u00edm v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce ztr\u00e1c\u00ed ji\u017e \u010dtvrtou flotilu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed, materi\u00e1ln\u00ed i lidsk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty jsou nezm\u011brn\u00e9<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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V\u00c1LKA POKRA\u010cUJE \u2013 V\u00cdT\u011aZSTV\u00cd V NEDOHLEDNU<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A\u010dkoliv se to zd\u00e1 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 od za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky s Kart\u00e1gem ztratili u\u017e \u010dtvrtou flotilu. I p\u0159esto, \u017ee ji\u017e dobyli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou Sic\u00edlii, tak bez n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00e1lku s Kart\u00e1gem vyhr\u00e1t. Kart\u00e1go bylo na mo\u0159i v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce dominantn\u00ed silou, i p\u0159es prvotn\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bchy. Celkov\u011b se strategie Kart\u00e1ga v Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce<\/em> soust\u0159edila p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na siln\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se ale po v\u0161ech katastrof\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jejich n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly potkaly nevzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed a d\u00e1l podnikaj\u00ed kroky, jak vyzr\u00e1t nad nep\u0159\u00edtelem a dlouhou v\u00e1lku ukon\u010dit v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm. V\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu mezit\u00edm pov\u011b\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9ho velitele, legend\u00e1rn\u00edho Hamilkara Barku, kter\u00fd \u0158\u00edman\u016fm na Sic\u00edlii zp\u016fsob\u00ed nemal\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 pochop\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00e1lka nen\u00ed ani zdaleka u konce, tak jak si mysleli a jejich pl\u00e1ny a uva\u017eovan\u00ed se budou muset zm\u011bnit, pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed opravdu vyhr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Co mysl\u00edte? M\u011bli Kartaginci v\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce pouze \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nebo by si i tak s\u00a0\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi flotilami poradili?<\/p>\n

LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd ZDROJE<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Polybios:<\/em> D\u011bjiny<\/strong> (\u0159eck\u00fd historik, 2. stol. p\u0159. n. l.)<\/li>\n
  • Livius:<\/em> Ab Urbe Condita<\/strong> (\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd historik, 1. stol. p\u0159. n. l.)<\/li>\n
  • Adrian Goldsworthy:<\/em> P\u00e1d Kart\u00e1ga: Punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky 265\u2013146 p\u0159. n. l.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • H. Warmington:<\/em> Carthage<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Dexter Hoyos:<\/em> Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v roce 250 p\u0159.n.l. ve v\u00e1lce op\u011bt p\u0159evzali iniciativu. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 obrana Panorma a ne\u010dekan\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kartaginskou arm\u00e1dou \u0158\u00edmany povzbudilo, a tak za\u010dali pomalu p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad t\u00edm, \u017ee mohou nyn\u00ed v\u00e1lku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ukon\u010dit a donutit Kart\u00e1go kapitulovat. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd sen\u00e1t neztr\u00e1cel \u010das a na\u0159\u00eddil pos\u00edlit flotilu, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla vyplout na k Lilybaeu \u2013 jedn\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,6,3],"tags":[47,45,18,44,17,46],"class_list":["post-4363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kartago","category-politika","category-punske-valky","tag-drepana","tag-himilko","tag-kartago","tag-lilybaeum","tag-prvni-punska-valka","tag-pulcher"],"blocksy_meta":{"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","ebf38a37a7210e8b2eae1c5591996d46":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_alignment1":"left","hero_alignment2":"center","hero_height":{"0":"2","1":"3","2":"0","3":"p","4":"x","desktop":"500px","tablet":"500px","mobile":"500px","__changed":[]},"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":2710,"url":"https:\/\/startersites.io\/blocksy\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/valdemaras-d-1053561-unsplash-1024x576.jpg"},"parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"50b5de3a778be56786a9251e46da72fb":"","single_meta_elements":{"author":true,"date":true,"categories":true,"comments":true,"updated":false,"tags":false},"has_meta_label":"yes","has_meta_avatar":"yes","date_format_source":"custom","single_meta_date_format":"M 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