{"id":4387,"date":"2025-12-30T17:57:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T16:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/?p=4387"},"modified":"2026-03-17T21:55:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T20:55:22","slug":"bitva-u-aegatskych-ostrovu-konec-prvni-punske-valky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/en\/2025\/12\/30\/bitva-u-aegatskych-ostrovu-konec-prvni-punske-valky\/","title":{"rendered":"#8 Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: Bitva u Aegatsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f – Konec Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u00ed\u0161e se rok 248 p\u0159.n.l. a Kart\u00e1go sv\u00fdmi drtiv\u00fdmi v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edmi na mo\u0159i op\u011bt ukazuje svou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominanci. I p\u0159es obdivuhodnou snahu se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm neda\u0159\u00ed vyrovnat se Kartaginc\u016fm v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edle. Jejich velitelsk\u00e9 schopnosti a zku\u0161enosti na mo\u0159i se dlouhodob\u011b ukazuj\u00ed jako z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prost\u0159edek, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu jsou Kartaginci je\u0161t\u011b schopni s \u0158\u00edmany v\u00e9st v\u00e1lku.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 si dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee bez n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominance nebudou schopni v\u00e1lku ukon\u010dit, ale zm\u011bnit tuto skute\u010dnost se jim neda\u0159\u00ed i p\u0159es to, \u017ee u\u017e Kartagince na mo\u0159i n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t porazili. Zku\u0161en\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f na stran\u011b Kart\u00e1ga je st\u00e1le zkr\u00e1tka p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 republika jako v\u017edy ve sv\u00fdch c\u00edlech nepolevuje a obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Lilybaea i bez posil a z\u00e1sob nep\u0159eru\u0161ila. Na\u0161la si jinou cestu, jak z\u00e1sobit vojsko materi\u00e1lem i j\u00eddlem. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo ned\u00e1vn\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi a katastrofami znemo\u017en\u011bno, a tak \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zorganizovali z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es Sic\u00edlii po sou\u0161i. Z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed je sice pomalej\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b efektivn\u00ed, ale na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed kolony aspo\u0148 nikde ne\u00fato\u010d\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9 flotily a v\u011bt\u0161ina ostrova je pod \u0159\u00edmskou kontrolou.<\/p>\n

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\u201eJe konec, prohr\u00e1li jsme.\u201c<\/p>\n

Hamilkar Barkas<\/em><\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

OBSAZEN\u00cd HORY ERYX<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Po bitv\u011b u Drepany se konzul Junius vr\u00e1til zp\u011bt k pozemn\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b. Devastuj\u00edc\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eka, kterou Kartaginci \u0158\u00edman\u016fm u\u0161t\u011bd\u0159ili na mo\u0159i, konzula tr\u00e1pila a m\u011bl siln\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed nutk\u00e1n\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout jak\u00e9hokoliv \u00fasp\u011bchu a to brzy.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed pro konzula se neopakoval typick\u00fd vzorec, kdy se zhrzen\u00fd \u0158\u00edman s vysokou \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed pozic\u00ed vyd\u00e1 hlava nehlava do ch\u0159t\u00e1nu nep\u0159\u00edtele i s celou svou arm\u00e1dou, aby zvr\u00e1til p\u0159edchoz\u00ed katastrofu. M\u00edsto toho konzul pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b obsadil horu Eryx, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1zela mezi Drepanou a Panormem. Dle Polybia p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo obsazen\u00ed hory \u0158\u00edman\u016fm dv\u011b v\u00fdhody. Hora Eryx je po sopce Etn\u011b druh\u00fdm nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdm bodem na Sic\u00edlii a je odtud dobr\u00fd v\u00fdhled na Drepanu. Pokud by z Drepany bylo vysl\u00e1no jak\u00e9koliv vojsko, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 by se to okam\u017eit\u011b dozv\u011bd\u011bli. Nav\u00edc m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b pod vrcholem hory, je velmi t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fatoku se bude dob\u0159e br\u00e1nit. A k tomu se na samotn\u00e9m vrcholu hory nach\u00e1z\u00ed svatyn\u011b Afrodity. Pro \u0158\u00edmany byla p\u0159\u00edtomnost svatyn\u011b jak\u00fdsi bo\u017esk\u00fd symbol, kter\u00fd povznesl jejich ducha a mor\u00e1lku po p\u0159edchoz\u00ed por\u00e1\u017ece.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu v\u0161ak \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zat\u00edm nedos\u00e1hli a pokra\u010dovali ve sv\u00fdch kampan\u00edch proti zbyl\u00fdm kartaginsk\u00fdm m\u011bst\u016fm.<\/p>\n

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\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko pochoduje dob\u00fdt posledn\u00ed kartaginsk\u00e9 dr\u017eavy<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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HAMILKAR BARKAS \u2013 BRILANTN\u00cd TAKTIK<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kartaginci nezah\u00e1leli a v\u00a0roce 247 p\u0159.n.l. ustanovili sv\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho velitele n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch sil \u2013 Gener\u00e1la Hamilkara Barku.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi silami Hamilkar n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f napadal \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0It\u00e1lii. Vyraboval usedlost Locri a pot\u00e9 se st\u00e1hnul zp\u011bt se svou flotilou na Sic\u00edlii. Dokonal\u00e9 m\u00edsto k\u00a0ut\u00e1bo\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161el kousek od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed mezi horou Eryx, kterou \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ned\u00e1vno obsadili a Panormem.<\/p>\n

Jednalo se o pom\u011brn\u011b strmou horu s\u00a0ploch\u00fdm vrcholem a s\u00a0dostatkem m\u00edsta pro t\u00e1bor, ust\u00e1jen\u00ed kon\u00ed i chov dobytka. Vrchol se vyp\u00edn\u00e1 nad okoln\u00ed krajinou a je z\u00a0n\u011bj dobr\u00fd v\u00fdhled t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do v\u0161ech sm\u011br\u016f. Z\u00a0vnitrozem\u00ed je vrchol chr\u00e1n\u011bn skalisky a \u00fatesy, kter\u00e9 by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zdolat nemohla. Ze strany mo\u0159e se hora pomalu sva\u017euje k\u00a0pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a tvo\u0159\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav. D\u00edky p\u0159\u00edstavu m\u011bl Hamilkar kontrolu nad n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasou vedouc\u00ed z\u00a0Lilybaea a Drepany do It\u00e1lie. Na vrchol a do t\u00e1bora vedly pouze t\u0159i cesty. Dv\u011b z\u00a0vnitrozem\u00ed, ale ob\u011b Kartaginci opevnili a hl\u00eddali, a t\u0159et\u00ed cesta vedla z\u00a0mo\u0159e skrze p\u0159\u00edstav.<\/p>\n

Postavit zde t\u00e1bor bylo pro Kartagince velmi riskantn\u00ed. Pozice byla na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed daleko od v\u0161ech spojeneck\u00fdch m\u011bst a pos\u00e1dek. V\u00fdhodou ov\u0161em bylo, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se u\u017e po t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti Sic\u00edlie nemohli pohybovat tak voln\u011b a svobodn\u011b jako dote\u010f a po\u0159\u00e1d se museli ohl\u00ed\u017eet p\u0159es rameno, jestli je nepron\u00e1sleduje kartaginsk\u00e1 p\u0159epadov\u00e1 skupina.<\/p>\n

Z n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho hlediska to bylo pro \u0158\u00edmany je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee Hamilkarova z\u00e1kladna m\u011bla celkem slu\u0161n\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1dius, a kartaginsk\u00e9 lod\u011b se v n\u00ed mohly ukr\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze. N\u00e1jezdy a\u017e do It\u00e1lie donutily \u0158\u00edmany jednat a vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s Hamilkarem, jednou pro v\u017edy.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se svou arm\u00e1dou napochodovali a\u017e k Hamilkarovi a vytvo\u0159ili t\u00e1bor necel\u00e9ho p\u016fl kilometru od n\u011bj. Potom se s Hamilkarem pustili do s\u00e9rie \u0161arv\u00e1tek, p\u0159epad\u016f, \u00fatok\u016f ze z\u00e1lohy a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdpad\u016f po n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch let. Ani jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se nepoda\u0159ilo nep\u0159\u00edtele p\u0159ekvapit nebo porazit natolik, aby to m\u011blo n\u011bjak\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed efekt ne\u017e jen sta\u017een\u00ed do t\u00e1bora.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji na sebe ji\u017e \u00fato\u010dili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na denn\u00ed b\u00e1zi, ale ani to nem\u011blo na v\u00fdsledek \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd efekt. Stejn\u00e1 situace se odehr\u00e1vala kousek d\u00e1l na ho\u0159e Eryx. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve obsadili vrchol hory se svatyn\u00ed a m\u011bsto pod \u00fapat\u00edm hory. Kartaginc\u016fm se ale poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdm \u00fatokem m\u011bsto obsadit. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se sna\u017eili Kartagince z m\u011bsta vytla\u010dit, av\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo se jim to a situace uv\u00e1zla na mrtv\u00e9m bod\u011b i zde.<\/p>\n

Ani jedna ze stran u\u017e nebyla schopn\u00e1 ud\u011blat v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokrok a zvr\u00e1tit jakoukoliv bitvu. \u00danava a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0dlouh\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se za\u010dalo projevovat. Konec v\u00e1lky byl ale zat\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1d v\u00a0nedohlednu.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00cdM OP\u011aT STAV\u00cd FLOTILU \u2013 KL\u00cd\u010cOV\u00c9 ROZHODNUT\u00cd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v\u00a0nad\u011bji, \u017ee ukon\u010d\u00ed v\u00e1lku se zas a znovu vrhli do v\u00fdstavby nov\u00e9 flotily. Tentokr\u00e1t bylo ale v\u0161e jinak. V\u00fdstavba flotily u\u017e nemohla b\u00fdt financov\u00e1na z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pen\u011bz. Po n\u011bkolika posledn\u00edch letech v\u00e1lky, kdy \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 nezaznamenali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, byly st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladnice t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9, a pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli do toho vstoupili bohat\u00ed \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zafinancovali v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00e9 flotily.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky t\u00e9to investici se poda\u0159ilo postavit 200 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed nov\u00e9ho typu. P\u0159i stavb\u011b flotily \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 prostudovali sv\u00e9 prohran\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitvy a rozhodli se vystavit lod\u011b dle nov\u00e9ho vzoru a zah\u00e1jili tvrd\u00fd a dlouh\u00fd v\u00fdcvik pos\u00e1dek.<\/p>\n

Velitelem nov\u00e9 flotily se stal konzul Gaius Lutatius Catulus. S\u00a0flotilou vyrazil z\u00a0It\u00e1lie p\u0159ed l\u00e9tem v\u00a0roce 242 p\u0159.n.l. a k\u00a0Sic\u00edlii se dostal i s\u00a0celou flotilou nepozorovan\u011b. Tentokr\u00e1t m\u011bli \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed (nebo dobr\u00e9 informace), proto\u017ee se cel\u00e1 kartaginsk\u00e1 flotila nach\u00e1zela zp\u011bt v\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu. Konzul vyu\u017eil okolnost\u00ed a nechal oblehnout i Drepanu.<\/p>\n

V\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee je jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu, ne\u017e tento akt vyprovokuje Kartagince k akci. A nem\u00fdlil se, proto\u017ee Kartaginci si nemohli dovolit p\u0159ij\u00edt o posledn\u00ed ba\u0161ty odporu na Sic\u00edlii. Jakmile se ke Kartaginc\u016fm dostaly zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dili na Drepanu s novou flotilou, okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ipravili z\u00e1soby, nalo\u017eili je na lod\u011b a vyrazili se svou flotilou p\u0159\u00edmo proti nim.<\/p>\n

Kartaginci do bitvy vyr\u00e1\u017eeli s\u00a0dobrou n\u00e1ladou a s\u00a0pocitem, \u017ee v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed je na jejich stran\u011b. \u0158\u00edmany na mo\u0159i v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech porazili u\u017e tolikr\u00e1t a ud\u011blaj\u00ed to klidn\u011b znovu. Uk\u00e1\u017eou \u0158\u00edman\u016fm, \u017ee na mo\u0159i vl\u00e1dne Kart\u00e1go. Tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak bylo opravdu v\u0161echno jinak a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 bitva u Drepany se nebude opakovat. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd konzul nebyl hlup\u00e1k a dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bl za jak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 prohr\u00e1vali n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitvy s\u00a0Kart\u00e1gem.<\/p>\n

Pos\u00e1dky na nov\u00fdch lod\u00edch absolvovaly dlouh\u00fd a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd v\u00fdcvik. Na bitvu se \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravili a mimo dob\u0159e vycvi\u010denou pos\u00e1dku na palubu lod\u00ed vzali jen ty nejzku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed voj\u00e1ky z\u00a0pozemn\u00edho vojska. K\u00a0odleh\u010den\u00ed lod\u00ed se ve\u0161ker\u00fd n\u00e1klad a z\u00e1soby odlo\u017eily na Sic\u00edlii. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b nyn\u00ed byly obratn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmu st\u0159etu. Naopak Kartaginsk\u00e9 lod\u011b byly pln\u011b nalo\u017een\u00e9 materi\u00e1lem a z\u00e1sobami pro pozemn\u00ed vojsko u Drepany a pro Hamilkara. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0pos\u00e1dek byli Kartaginci nuceni naverbovat narychlo, aby stihli pomoci sv\u00e9 dr\u017eav\u011b na Sic\u00edlii v\u010das.<\/p>\n

Nikdo v\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu ne\u010dekal, \u017ee se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm op\u011bt poda\u0159\u00ed rychle vybudovat a vyzbrojit, tak mohutnou flotilu.<\/p>\n

BITVA U AEGATSK\u00ddCH OSTROV\u016e<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A\u010dkoliv se jednalo o jednu z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bitev Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/em>, tak se n\u00e1m bohu\u017eel z\u00a0historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f nedochovalo mnoho informac\u00ed, jak tato bitva prob\u00edhala.<\/p>\n

Jedin\u00e9, co s\u00a0jistotou m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u016fm op\u011bt nep\u0159\u00e1lo po\u010das\u00ed a nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd v\u00edtr, ale i p\u0159esto vydal konzul rozkaz k\u00a0\u00fatoku, proto\u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee na mo\u0159i budou nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 lod\u011b obratn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ty nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

To se uk\u00e1zalo z\u0159ejm\u011b jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 bitvu vyhr\u00e1li. P\u0159i bitv\u011b \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b zajali v\u00edce jak 10\u00a0000 Kartaginc\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Kartaginsk\u00e1 flotila je u Aegatsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f pora\u017eena a zni\u010dena<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u0158\u00cdMAN\u00c9 ZV\u00cdT\u011aZILI \u2013 KONEC PRVN\u00cd PUNSK\u00c9 V\u00c1LKY<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Kartaginci i po prohran\u00e9 bitv\u011b m\u011bli odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed \u0158\u00edmu d\u00e1le vzdorovat a ve v\u00e1lce pokra\u010dovat, ale brzy si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee u\u017e zkr\u00e1tka nen\u00ed jak. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dali t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou Sic\u00edlii a nyn\u00ed se stali i p\u00e1ny na mo\u0159i. Kartaginsk\u00e9 s\u00edly se najednou na ostrov\u011b ocitnuly osamoceny a od\u0159\u00edznuty. Nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 by jim mohla p\u0159ij\u00edt na pomoc, nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 flotila, kter\u00e1 by je mohla vysvobodit a odv\u00e9zt ze Sic\u00edlie pry\u010d. Kart\u00e1go u\u017e nem\u011blo k\u00a0dispozici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky a \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e, ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fstojn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed by vojsko vedli.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladnice byla po dlouh\u00fdch 23 letech v\u00e1lky s \u0158\u00edmem \u00fapln\u011b pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1. Gener\u00e1lu Hamilkarovi byla dokonce odesl\u00e1na zpr\u00e1va a\u0165 rozhodne s\u00e1m o osudu sv\u00e9ho vojska, ale a\u0165 nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0jakoukoliv pomoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e flotila byla pora\u017eena a zni\u010dena. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1soby pro na\u0161e vojska jsou ztraceny. Obrana Lilybaea se zhroutila. Ocitli jsme se \u00fapln\u011b sami a nikdo n\u00e1m nep\u0159ijde na pomoc. Vy\u0161lete k\u00a0\u0158\u00edman\u016fm posla s\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed kapitulac\u00ed. Je konec, prohr\u00e1li jsme.\u201c ozn\u00e1mil zdrcen\u00fd Hamilkar sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Je konec v\u00e1lky a \u0158\u00edm ovl\u00e1dl celou Sic\u00edlii, Syrakusy si d\u00edky politice Hier\u00f3na udr\u017eeli jistou formu nez\u00e1vislosti <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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PODM\u00cdNKY UKON\u010cEN\u00cd V\u00c1LKY \u2013 KDO PROHRAJE, PLAT\u00cd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

V\u00e1lkou znaven\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 p\u0159ijali otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup Kartaginc\u016f a gener\u00e1la Hamilkara k\u00a0ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Konzul Lutatius p\u0159edstavil Kartaginc\u016fm podm\u00ednky kapitulace a povinnosti, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eely Kart\u00e1gu.<\/p>\n

Kartaginci dobrovoln\u011b opust\u00ed Sic\u00edlii a vzdaj\u00ed se v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch dr\u017eav, kter\u00e9 se jim da\u0159ilo do konce v\u00e1lky dr\u017eet. Kart\u00e1go nesm\u00ed napadnout nebo jakkoliv jinak za\u00fato\u010dit na Syrakusy nebo jejich spojence. Kart\u00e1go navr\u00e1t\u00ed \u0158\u00edmu v\u0161echny zajatce, kter\u00e9 se jim poda\u0159ilo b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky zajmout, bez jak\u00e9hokoliv n\u00e1roku na v\u00fdkupn\u00e9. Kart\u00e1go bude nav\u00edc ka\u017ed\u00fd rok platit v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 reparace v\u00a0objemu 57 tun st\u0159\u00edbra po dobu 20 let.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se n\u00e1vrh podm\u00ednek ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky dostal do \u0158\u00edma setkal se zde s\u00a0velk\u00fdm nesouhlasem. Podm\u00ednky kladen\u00e9 na Kart\u00e1go nebyly dostate\u010dn\u011b tvrd\u00e9, a tak v\u00a0\u0158\u00edm\u011b vznikla deseti \u010dlenn\u00e1 komise, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla za \u00fakol s\u00a0Kart\u00e1gem vyjednat nov\u00e9 a tvrd\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky, aby nebylo schopn\u00e9 znovu z\u00edskat s\u00edlu a prost\u0159edky k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lce s \u0158\u00edmem.<\/p>\n

Nov\u011b m\u011blo Kart\u00e1go za v\u0161echny \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 \u0158\u00edman\u016fm zp\u016fsobilo platit ka\u017ed\u00fd rok 87 tun st\u0159\u00edbra po dobu 20 let a vzd\u00e1t se i v\u0161ech ostrov\u016f a ostr\u016fvk\u016f mezi It\u00e1li\u00ed a Sic\u00edli\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nakonec vybran\u00e1 komise p\u0159edstavila nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm Kart\u00e1ga a t\u011bm nezbylo nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e s podm\u00ednkami souhlasit. Tak skon\u010dila 24 let dlouh\u00e1 a nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e1 Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Rozsah jin\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bl v historii takov\u00e9 obdoby jako za Prvn\u00ed punsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/em>, ve kter\u00e9 na obou stran\u00e1ch padlo stovky tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f a byly zni\u010deny stovky a\u017e tis\u00edce lod\u00ed. Pro \u0158\u00edmany byla v\u00e1lka takov\u00fdch kolos\u00e1ln\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f zdroj zku\u0161enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu jin\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nedostaly. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 od t\u00e9to doby v\u011bd\u011bli, jak se vede v\u00e1lka ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, a to z hlediska vojensk\u00e9ho, politick\u00e9ho, finan\u010dn\u00edho, vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edho a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u011b tyto zku\u0161enosti \u0158\u00edmany spolu s jejich p\u0159irozenou zarputilost\u00ed a odhodl\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed k ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed, ne\u017e si zat\u00edm dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n

Osud Kart\u00e1ga byl po konci v\u00e1lky mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by mnoz\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vali. St\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladnice byla po dlouh\u00e9 v\u00e1lce pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 a ke Kart\u00e1gu se bl\u00ed\u017eila \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vyhnan\u00e1 ze Sic\u00edlie, kter\u00e1 nem\u011bla zaplaceno. Jak tato situace pokra\u010dovala si nech\u00e1me na jin\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na pov\u00e1le\u010dnou situaci v\u00a0Kart\u00e1gu.<\/p>\n

Jak by vypadala \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 historie, pokud by \u0158\u00edm nakonec Prvn\u00ed punskou v\u00e1lku<\/em> prohr\u00e1l nebo vzdal? Co si mysl\u00edte?<\/p>\n

LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd ZDROJE<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Polybios:<\/em> D\u011bjiny<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Livius, Titus:<\/em> D\u011bjiny od zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Goldsworthy, Adrian:<\/em> P\u00e1d Kart\u00e1ga<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Hoyos, Dexter:<\/em> Mastering the West:<\/strong> Rome and Carthage at War<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Bagnall, Nigel:<\/em> The Punic Wars: Rome, Carthage and the Struggle for the Mediterranean<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    P\u00ed\u0161e se rok 248 p\u0159.n.l. a Kart\u00e1go sv\u00fdmi drtiv\u00fdmi v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edmi na mo\u0159i op\u011bt ukazuje svou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominanci. I p\u0159es obdivuhodnou snahu se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm neda\u0159\u00ed vyrovnat se Kartaginc\u016fm v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edle. Jejich velitelsk\u00e9 schopnosti a zku\u0161enosti na mo\u0159i se dlouhodob\u011b ukazuj\u00ed jako z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prost\u0159edek, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu jsou Kartaginci je\u0161t\u011b schopni s \u0158\u00edmany v\u00e9st v\u00e1lku. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 si […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,6,3],"tags":[50,47,48,49,18,44,17],"class_list":["post-4387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kartago","category-politika","category-punske-valky","tag-aegatske-ostrovy","tag-drepana","tag-eryx","tag-hamilkar-barkas","tag-kartago","tag-lilybaeum","tag-prvni-punska-valka"],"blocksy_meta":{"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","ebf38a37a7210e8b2eae1c5591996d46":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_alignment1":"left","hero_alignment2":"center","hero_height":{"0":"2","1":"3","2":"0","3":"p","4":"x","desktop":"500px","tablet":"500px","mobile":"500px","__changed":[]},"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":2710,"url":"https:\/\/startersites.io\/blocksy\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/valdemaras-d-1053561-unsplash-1024x576.jpg"},"parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"50b5de3a778be56786a9251e46da72fb":"","single_meta_elements":{"author":true,"date":true,"categories":true,"comments":true,"updated":false,"tags":false},"has_meta_label":"yes","has_meta_avatar":"yes","date_format_source":"custom","single_meta_date_format":"M 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