{"id":5081,"date":"2026-05-06T17:45:52","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T15:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/?p=5081"},"modified":"2026-05-06T15:07:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T13:07:44","slug":"druha-punska-valka-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/en\/2026\/05\/06\/druha-punska-valka-6\/","title":{"rendered":"#6 Druh\u00e1 punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka – Kartaginsk\u00e1 v\u00fdprava v ohro\u017een\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Po p\u0159echodu \u0159eky Rh\u00f4ny nasadila Hannibalova arm\u00e1da neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 tempo pochodu. Hannibal dovolil sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b zastavit se v\u017edy a\u017e na konci dne, kdy bylo pot\u0159eba postavit t\u00e1bor k p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed. I p\u0159esto\u017ee zv\u011bdov\u00e9 hl\u00e1sili, \u017ee Scipionova arm\u00e1da se oto\u010dila a m\u00ed\u0159ila zp\u011bt k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, Hannibal nedovolil sv\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm povolit v tempu. K Alp\u00e1m je \u010dekala je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1 cesta a do P\u0159edalpsk\u00e9 G\u00e1lie cht\u011bl vpadnout d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se kter\u00fdkoliv konzul stihne vr\u00e1tit. Odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed dostat se do It\u00e1lie m\u00e1 Hannibal vysok\u00e9, ale na jeho cest\u011b ho \u010dek\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b mnoho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a pro spoustu jeho voj\u00e1k\u016f na n\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1 jen smrt.<\/p>\n

KDO JE P\u0158\u00cdTEL A KDO NEP\u0158\u00cdTEL?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Po \u010dty\u0159ech dnech pochodu po p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed \u0159eky Rh\u00f4ny Hannibalova arm\u00e1da nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b. Kartaginci p\u0159i\u0161li k m\u00edstu,\u00a0 kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvalo \u2018Ostrov\u2019. Jednalo se o \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo ze z\u00e1padu ohrani\u010den\u00e9 \u0159eknou Rh\u00f4nou, ze severu \u0159ekou Is\u00e8re, z v\u00fdchodu Alpami a z jihu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm. Na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161li dv\u011b soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00ed barbarsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Arm\u00e1d\u00e1m veleli brat\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u016fnu. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201eM\u016fj pane! \u00dato\u010d\u00ed na povozy!<\/span>\u201c<\/p>\n

Kartaginsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk<\/em><\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

Star\u0161\u00ed z bratr\u016f se hned se\u0161el s Hannibalem a vytvo\u0159ili mezi sebou dohodu, \u017ee kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko star\u0161\u00edmu bratru pom\u016f\u017ee vyhr\u00e1t bitvu a na opl\u00e1tku poskytnou Hannibalovi z\u00e1sobu j\u00eddla a obil\u00ed na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a k tomu oble\u010den\u00ed a boty, kter\u00e9 se Hannibalov\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm budou hodit, a\u017e budou p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat alpsk\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky. Nesm\u00edme toti\u017e zapomenout, \u017ee cel\u00e9 vojsko p\u016fvodn\u011b vyr\u00e1\u017eelo z Ib\u00e9rie a do chladn\u00e9ho podneb\u00ed Alp nem\u011blo uzp\u016fsobenou v\u00fdbavu ani o\u0161acen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 o\u0161acen\u00ed a vybaven\u00ed poskytlo Hannibalov\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm tolik pot\u0159ebnou ochranu a pohodl\u00ed k tomu, aby byli schopni p\u0159ekonat zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 a mraziv\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky. Ze strategick\u00e9ho hlediska se c\u00edtil Hannibal alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee nem\u011bl v z\u00e1dech nep\u0159\u00edtele, ale spojence. Proto\u017ee pomohl star\u0161\u00edmu z bratr\u016f zahnat arm\u00e1du mlad\u0161\u00edho bratra, a t\u00edm i z\u00edskat tr\u016fn. Na jejich zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed cest\u011b\u00a0 k podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Alp by je nem\u011bl zezadu nikdo ohro\u017eovat.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Po dal\u0161\u00edch deseti dnech \u00fanavn\u00e9ho pochodu kartaginsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da kone\u010dn\u011b dorazila k Alp\u00e1m a ter\u00e9n za\u010dal postupn\u011b stoupat. Hannibala to ale sp\u00ed\u0161 zneklid\u0148ovalo ne\u017e t\u011b\u0161ilo, proto\u017ee od te\u010f se on i jeho voj\u00e1ci nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve smrteln\u00e9m nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Proch\u00e1zej\u00ed toti\u017e \u00fazem\u00edm galsk\u00e9ho kmene Allobroges.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokud kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko pochodovalo po pl\u00e1n\u00edch a po rovin\u011b, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk z Allobroges si netroufl za\u00fato\u010dit. Jednak m\u011bl Hannibal k dispozici vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tis\u00edce jezdc\u016f, proti kter\u00fdm by gal\u0161t\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci v otev\u0159en\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu nem\u011bli \u0161anci, ale tak\u00e9 proto\u017ee Hannibala doprov\u00e1zela \u010d\u00e1st galsk\u00e9ho vojska, jejich\u017e v\u016fdcem byl star\u0161\u00ed z bratr\u016f, kter\u00e9mu Kartaginci p\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem pomohli z\u00edskat tr\u016fn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee jakmile ter\u00e9n za\u010dal stoupat a p\u0159ed kartaginsk\u00fdm vojskem se objevily prvn\u00ed alpsk\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky, gal\u0161t\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci se obr\u00e1tili a vr\u00e1tili se zp\u011bt za sv\u00fdm v\u016fdcem. Tak\u00e9 Hannibalova j\u00edzda p\u0159estala b\u00fdt hrozbou, proto\u017ee jezdci na ur\u010dit\u00fdch m\u00edstech ani nemohli b\u00fdt v ko\u0148sk\u00e9m sedle, ale museli sv\u00e9 kon\u011b v\u00e9st nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi a \u00fazk\u00fdmi stezkami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toho kmen Allobroges vyu\u017eil a jeho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edci shrom\u00e1\u017edili arm\u00e1du, se kterou obsadili strategick\u00e9 pozice v pr\u016fsmyku. Kdy\u017e se o tom Hannibal dozv\u011bd\u011bl, nechal sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky postavit t\u00e1bor na posledn\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9m p\u0159ehledn\u00e9m prostranstv\u00ed a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel, co a jak d\u00e1l. Aby zjistil v\u00edce informac\u00ed, vyslal galsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky ze sv\u00e9ho vojska, aby zjistili v\u0161echno o nep\u0159\u00edteli a jeho pl\u00e1nu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se tito gal\u0161t\u00ed zv\u011bdi vr\u00e1tili zp\u011bt, pov\u011bd\u011bli Hannibalovi, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel dr\u017e\u00ed velmi siln\u00e9 pozice a hl\u00eddaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 cesty do pr\u016fsmyku, ale pouze p\u0159es den. Na noc se v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt do nedalek\u00e9ho m\u011bsta. Hannibal t\u00e9to slabiny ihned vyu\u017eil a p\u0159ipravil pl\u00e1n, jak se zmocnit t\u011bchto pozic kontroluj\u00edc\u00edch vstup do pr\u016fsmyku.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kartaginsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da m\u00e1 s p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu v pr\u016fsmyku velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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NIC M\u011a NEZASTAV\u00cd!<\/b><\/h3>\n

Jakmile padla tma, nechal Hannibal sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky rozd\u011blat t\u00e1borov\u00e9 ohn\u011b jako ka\u017edou noc p\u0159edt\u00edm, s t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee tentokr\u00e1t v t\u00e1bo\u0159e z\u016fstala jen \u010d\u00e1st voj\u00e1k\u016f. Hannibal se s druhou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vojska v noci tajn\u011b dostal a\u017e ke galsk\u00fdm pozic\u00edm u pr\u016fsmyku. Pobili hl\u00eddkuj\u00edc\u00ed voj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed tu noc neode\u0161li do m\u011bsta, a obsadili pozice st\u0159e\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fsmyk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e si Kartaginci zabezpe\u010dili p\u0159\u00edstup do pr\u016fsmyku, za\u010dali s p\u0159esunem je\u0161t\u011b v noci. Kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko bylo ale mohutn\u00e9 a z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed kolona dlouh\u00e1 a ani cel\u00e1 noc jim k p\u0159esunu nesta\u010dila. Druh\u00fd den si barba\u0159i v\u0161imli, co se d\u011bje a rozhodli se za\u00fato\u010dit. Ale ne na Hannibalovy hl\u00eddky, ale rovnou na z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed kolonu. A to na v\u00edce m\u00edstech. \u00datoky zp\u016fsobily chaos a Kartaginci p\u0159i nich zaznamenali t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech. Barba\u0159i nav\u00edc z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b \u00fato\u010dili na kon\u011b a ta\u017en\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo to, \u017ee se cel\u00e1 kolona na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech naprosto zasekla, a p\u0159esn\u011b na t\u011bchto bodech se vedly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 boje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kartaginsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla pod ohromn\u00fdm tlakem a hrozilo j\u00ed naprost\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed, pokud Hannibal n\u011bco rychle neud\u011bl\u00e1. Aby zachr\u00e1nil osud sv\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy, rozk\u00e1zal Hannibal voj\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ede\u0161lou noc z\u00edskali strategick\u00e9 pozice nad pr\u016fsmykem, za\u00fato\u010dit na barbary ze sv\u00fdch vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch pozic, zat\u00edmco zbytek voj\u00e1k\u016f za\u00fato\u010dil ze stezky. \u00datok byl sice pro barbary drtiv\u00fd, ale Kartaginci p\u0159i n\u011bm ztratili velk\u00fd po\u010det zku\u0161en\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec se ale Kartaginc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo v\u011bt\u0161inu barbar\u016f pob\u00edt. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili, uprchli do nedalek\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 jim poskytovalo \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b. Hannibal si ale nemohl dovolit m\u00edt takov\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele v z\u00e1dech, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v tak nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu. Rozhodl se proto na m\u011bsto za\u00fato\u010dit. A za\u00fato\u010dil v\u0161\u00edm, co m\u011bl v ten moment k dispozici.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se nep\u0159\u00ed\u010detn\u00ed Kartaginci probourali do m\u011bsta, zjistili, \u017ee je opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9, ale ve\u0161ker\u00fd dobytek, n\u011bkter\u00e9 kon\u011b, obil\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby zde z\u016fstaly. Hannibalovi voj\u00e1ci si v\u0161echno odnesli a m\u011bsto kompletn\u011b vydrancovali, aby z\u00edskali v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ale bylo, \u017ee t\u011bmto barbar\u016fm Hannibal u\u0161t\u011bd\u0159il takovou lekci, d\u00edky kter\u00e9 se od jeho vojska budou dr\u017eet d\u00e1le. Ale tuto lekci Kartaginci zaplatili mnoha \u017eivoty zku\u0161en\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u010c\u00edm hloub\u011bji kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko postupovalo do hor, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee ho \u010dekaly.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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DAL\u0160\u00cd GALOV\u00c9, D\u00c1 SE JIM V\u016eBEC JE\u0160T\u011a V\u011a\u0158IT?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Kartaginci se ve m\u011bst\u011b zdr\u017eeli je\u0161t\u011b cel\u00fd druh\u00fd den po bitv\u011b. Postarali se o ran\u011bn\u00e9, poh\u0159bili mrtv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky a p\u0159ipravovali v\u0161echny vozy a z\u00e1soby znovu na dal\u0161\u00ed cestu. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i dny na pochodu na nikoho nenarazili. P\u00e1t\u00fd den pochodu od m\u011bsta narazil kartaginsk\u00fd p\u0159edvoj na dal\u0161\u00ed galsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti ale tentokr\u00e1t net\u0159\u00edmali v ruce me\u010de a kop\u00ed, ale zdoben\u00e9 v\u011btve a v\u011bnce z kv\u011btin, co\u017e byl galsk\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak projevit p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. Galov\u00e9 tvrdili, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161li za Kartaginci, proto\u017ee sly\u0161eli, co se p\u0159ed p\u00e1r dny stalo, a jak\u00fd osud potkal ono zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 kartaginsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vydrancovala. Cht\u011bli Kartaginc\u016fm nab\u00eddnout p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 si ponechat neutralitu. Na opl\u00e1tku nab\u00eddli, \u017ee Hannibalovi po\u0161lou n\u011bkolik rukojm\u00ed a doprovod\u00ed jeho arm\u00e1du hloub\u011bji do alpsk\u00fdch pr\u016fsmyk\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal u\u017e m\u011bl ale Gal\u016f a jejich \u00faskok\u016f po krk a nev\u011b\u0159il jim ani slovo. S nab\u00eddkou nakonec souhlasil, ale jen proto, \u017ee kdyby odm\u00edtnul, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by na n\u011bj Galov\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dili hned a Hannibal si u\u017e nemohl dovolit se v\u00edce zdr\u017eovat. Galov\u00e9 mu tedy p\u0159edali rukojm\u00ed a dokonce i n\u011bjak\u00fd dobytek. Jeliko\u017e se ale Hannibal s Galy setkal n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t, jejich p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u011bm vyvol\u00e1valo nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd pocit ned\u016fv\u011bry.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolik t\u011bchto Gal\u016f nechal fungovat jako pr\u016fvodce pr\u016fsmykem, ale zbytek v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fd kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko doprov\u00e1zel um\u00edstil jako zadn\u00ed voj, daleko od st\u0159edu formace, kde jely povozy se z\u00e1sobami a vybaven\u00edm. Hannibal\u016fv skute\u010dn\u00fd zadn\u00ed voj tvo\u0159ila jeho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 p\u011bchota pln\u00e1 zku\u0161en\u00fdch veter\u00e1n\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A netrvalo to ani dva dny ne\u017e Gal\u016fm do\u0161la trp\u011blivost a shodili svoji fale\u0161nou p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ku. Zrovna kdy\u017e vojsko dorazilo k neprostupn\u00e9 a strm\u00e9 rokli, Galov\u00e9 v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti za\u00fato\u010dili. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 p\u011bchota je sice odrazila, ale Galov\u00e9 ustoupili do okoln\u00edch kopc\u016f a vyv\u00fd\u0161enin a d\u00e1l na kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko dor\u00e1\u017eeli. Shazovali na n\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 balvany a vrhali po voj\u00e1c\u00edch kameny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kartaginci byli na tomto m\u00edst\u011b zablokov\u00e1ni a\u017e do noci, kdy \u00fatoky kone\u010dn\u011b ustaly. Druh\u00fd den nebylo po Galech ani vidu ani slechu. Nikdo tomu po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nerozumn\u011bl, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u0161em ulevilo, \u017ee Galov\u00e9 ode\u0161li. Situace za\u010d\u00ednala b\u00fdt kritick\u00e1 a kartaginsk\u00e9mu vojsku op\u011bt hrozilo re\u00e1ln\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed. Hannibal ale nev\u00e1hal, nechal op\u011bt pochovat mrtv\u00e9, nalo\u017eil ran\u011bn\u00e9 na u\u017e tak p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 vozy a vydal se op\u011bt na cestu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibalovo vojsko stoupalo st\u00e1le v\u00fd\u0161 a v\u00fd\u0161 a\u017e do t\u011bch nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch horsk\u00fdch pr\u016fsmyk\u016f. Sem tam je napadla men\u0161\u00ed skupina v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, ale o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd organizovan\u00fd \u00fatok nebo p\u0159epaden\u00ed u\u017e se nejednalo. \u010cas od \u010dasu se jim povedlo pouze ukr\u00e1st \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1sob z povoz\u016f nebo zab\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 opozdilce. Na hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st vojska si ale tito n\u00e1jezdnici nedovolili, proto\u017ee se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee je d\u011bs\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed sloni.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Galov\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b \u00fato\u010dili na z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed povozy a ta\u017en\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, aby celou kolonu co nejv\u00edce zpomalili.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Po dal\u0161\u00edch osmi dnech Hannibalovo vojsko dos\u00e1hlo h\u0159ebene jedn\u00e9 z hor a ut\u00e1bo\u0159ili se zde na dva dny. Voj\u00e1ci si pot\u0159ebovali odpo\u010dinout po n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m pochodu a Hannibal cht\u011bl, aby je dohonili opozdilci. Na vrcholc\u00edch hor se za\u010dal objevovat sn\u00edh a bylo pot\u0159eba, aby se te\u010f v\u0161ichni dr\u017eeli pohromad\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal nav\u00edc na sv\u00fdch mu\u017e\u00edch vid\u011bl \u00fanavu a hlubok\u00fd pokles mor\u00e1lky. Od doby, co p\u0159ekonali \u0159eku Rh\u00f4nu se k nim \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed obr\u00e1tilo z\u00e1dy a nedos\u00e1hli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu a odm\u011bnou jim za to byly jen neust\u00e1l\u00e9 \u00fatoky galsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v hor\u00e1ch. Za ka\u017ed\u00fdm z\u00e1hybem cesty o\u010dek\u00e1vali dal\u0161\u00ed past nebo \u00fatok. Pochodovat v takov\u00e9m stresu a nap\u011bt\u00ed v tak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu bylo extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 jak na psychick\u00fd stav voj\u00e1k\u016f, tak na jejich fyzickou zdatnost. Hannibalovi mu\u017ei si v t\u00e9to dob\u011b u\u017e s\u00e1hli na sv\u00e9 pomysln\u00e9 dno a dost se to podepsalo na jejich mor\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm mor\u00e1lku pozvedl, uk\u00e1zal jim jejich velitel \u00farodn\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b kolem \u0159eky P\u00e1d a dodal jim nad\u011bji, \u017ee je maj\u00ed na dosah, sta\u010d\u00ed jen sestoupit z hor. Nav\u00edc m\u00edstn\u00ed kmeny s nimi uzav\u0159eli spojenectv\u00ed, tak\u017ee by nem\u011blo doj\u00edt k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu dal\u0161\u00edmu napaden\u00ed. Svoji \u0159e\u010d nakonec zakon\u010dil t\u00edm, \u017ee uk\u00e1zal jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem le\u017e\u00ed \u0158\u00edm, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161li zni\u010dit. Mor\u00e1lku voj\u00e1k\u016f se mu d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu projevu alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo zv\u00fd\u0161it.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel se sice u\u017e Kartaginc\u016fm na tomto m\u00edst\u011b nepostavil, ale za to extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a nesch\u016fdn\u00fd ter\u00e9n nastoupil na sc\u00e9nu. Bl\u00ed\u017eila se ukrutn\u00e1 zima a mrazy. Bez pr\u016fvodc\u016f byli Kartaginci odk\u00e1z\u00e1ni pouze na sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se v m\u00edstn\u00edch hor\u00e1ch ale v\u016fbec nevyznali. V mnoh\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadech tak do\u0161lo ke smrteln\u00fdm p\u00e1d\u016fm a z\u0159\u00edcen\u00edm. Stezky byly zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9, namrzl\u00e9 a velmi \u00fazk\u00e9. Z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed kolona ztr\u00e1cela jedno ta\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e za druh\u00fdm a tak\u00e9 sloni se \u010dasto pla\u0161ili.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnohokr\u00e1t se stalo, \u017ee arm\u00e1da ve\u0161la do slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky, kterou nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nijak p\u0159ekonat a museli se tak slo\u017eit\u011b obracet a vracet zp\u011bt a hledat jinou cestu. Doprov\u00e1zen\u00ed mraziv\u00fdmi vichry a sn\u011b\u017een\u00edm se mor\u00e1lka voj\u00e1k\u016f kartaginsk\u00e9ho vojska op\u011bt dostala na dno. Jednoho dne, kdy \u010derstv\u00fd sn\u00edh pokryl cesty novou vrstvou sn\u011bhu se kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko zcela zastavilo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Povrch pod \u010derstv\u00fdm sn\u011bhem byl tak namrzl\u00fd, \u017ee voj\u00e1ci museli chodit po \u010dty\u0159ech, aby se vy\u0161kr\u00e1bali do sebemen\u0161\u00edho stoup\u00e1n\u00ed. Ta\u017en\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata to m\u011bla je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 v\u00e1ze se nohy zv\u00ed\u0159at prolomily a\u017e pod zamrzlou vrstvu a nebylo s nimi k hnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal rozk\u00e1zal sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm odklidit sn\u00edh a postavit t\u00e1bor, aby si v\u0161ichni op\u011bt odpo\u010dinuli a aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ust\u00e1jit zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Kdy\u017e byl t\u00e1bor postaven\u00fd, Hannibalovi mu\u017ei se st\u0159\u00eddali v odkl\u00edzen\u00ed sn\u011bhu ze stezky. Byla to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 cel\u00e9mu vojsku zabrala cel\u00e9 t\u0159i dny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakmile bylo hotovo, Hannibal vydal rozkaz pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1le v sestupu. Na vrcholc\u00edch hor za\u010dalo znovu sn\u011b\u017eit a nebyly zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 stromy ani porosty, kter\u00e9 by mohli voj\u00e1ci vyu\u017e\u00edt pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f. Ve\u0161ker\u00fd \u010das, kter\u00fd zde str\u00e1vili hr\u00e1l proti nim a bylo by jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu ne\u017e by zde v\u0161ichni umrzli.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikomu se ale na vrcholc\u00edch um\u00edrat necht\u011blo a tak se nakonec kartaginsk\u00e9mu vojsku poda\u0159ilo odklizenou trasou sestoupit a\u017e dol\u016f k pl\u00e1n\u00edm. Cel\u00e9 toto alpsk\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed Hannibala st\u00e1lo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivot\u016f zku\u0161en\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, ale i ta\u017en\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, kon\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00fdch slon\u016f. Z Hannibalov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f na bronzov\u00e9 desti\u010dky se do P\u0159edalpsk\u00e9 G\u00e1lie \u00fadajn\u011b dostalo 12 000 Libyjc\u016f, 8 000 ibersk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a 6 000 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f j\u00edzdy. O v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch slonech se n\u00e1m nezmi\u0148uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

A bohu\u017eel desti\u010dky, ze kter\u00fdch tato \u010d\u00edsla \u010derp\u00e1me, se n\u00e1m nedochovaly a mus\u00edme se tak spol\u00e9hat na Polybia, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00e9 knize uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee desti\u010dky vid\u011bl, a \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u00a0 prezentuje, z nich p\u0159epsal. Jev\u00ed se desti\u010dky s Hannibalov\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamy jako spolehliv\u00fd zdroj? Mysl\u00edme si, \u017ee ano, proto\u017ee bronzov\u00e9 desti\u010dky se ve starov\u011bku skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvali k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm z\u00e1znam\u016fm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Polybios je tak\u00e9 obecn\u011b br\u00e1n jako spolehliv\u00fd zdroj informac\u00ed a nem\u011bl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 d\u016fvod si tato \u010d\u00edsla vym\u00fd\u0161let. Nav\u00edc i Titus Livius se o Hannibalov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt nalezeny u mysu Lacinium, zmi\u0148uje, co\u017e jen potvrzuje Polybi\u016fv text.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud budeme br\u00e1t \u010d\u00edsla a po\u010dty jako pravdiv\u00e9, tak Hannibalovi poda\u0159ilo do It\u00e1lie dostat st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b po\u010detnou arm\u00e1du, kdy\u017e si p\u0159edstav\u00edme, jak\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi a t\u011b\u017ekostmi si muselo cel\u00e9 vojsko proj\u00edt. Vojsko ale zdaleka nebylo tak velk\u00e9, aby se po\u010dtem voj\u00e1k\u016f mohlo vyrovnat arm\u00e1d\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 proti n\u011bmu vrhnou \u0158\u00edman\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V kartaginsk\u00e9m vojsku se ale nach\u00e1zeli u\u017e jen zocelen\u00ed a zku\u0161en\u00ed voj\u00e1ci,\u00a0 kte\u0159\u00ed si za posledn\u00edch p\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pro\u0161li nespo\u010dtem bitev, dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a takov\u00fdm nepohodl\u00edm, \u017ee se jim t\u011b\u017eko n\u011bjak\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, slo\u017een\u00e1 z ob\u010dan\u016f, v t\u011bchto zku\u0161enostech n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vyrovn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd ZDROJE<\/b><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Polybios:<\/i> D\u011bjiny<\/b><\/li>\n
  2. Titus Livius:<\/i> Ab urbe condita<\/b><\/li>\n
  3. Goldsworthy, Adrian:<\/i> P\u00e1d Kart\u00e1ga<\/b><\/li>\n
  4. Hoyos, Dexter:<\/i> Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War<\/b><\/li>\n
  5. Ernle Bradford:<\/i> Hannibal<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Po p\u0159echodu \u0159eky Rh\u00f4ny nasadila Hannibalova arm\u00e1da neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 tempo pochodu. Hannibal dovolil sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b zastavit se v\u017edy a\u017e na konci dne, kdy bylo pot\u0159eba postavit t\u00e1bor k p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed. I p\u0159esto\u017ee zv\u011bdov\u00e9 hl\u00e1sili, \u017ee Scipionova arm\u00e1da se oto\u010dila a m\u00ed\u0159ila zp\u011bt k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, Hannibal nedovolil sv\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm povolit v tempu. K Alp\u00e1m je \u010dekala je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,8,6,3,117],"tags":[132,104,109,134,133,18,125],"class_list":["post-5081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kartago","category-osobnosti","category-politika","category-punske-valky","category-rimska-republika","tag-druha-punska-valka","tag-galove","tag-galske-kmeny","tag-hannibal-barkas","tag-iberie","tag-kartago","tag-rimska-republika"],"blocksy_meta":{"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","ebf38a37a7210e8b2eae1c5591996d46":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_alignment1":"left","hero_alignment2":"center","hero_height":{"0":"2","1":"3","2":"0","3":"p","4":"x","desktop":"500px","tablet":"500px","mobile":"500px","__changed":[]},"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":2710,"url":"https:\/\/startersites.io\/blocksy\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/valdemaras-d-1053561-unsplash-1024x576.jpg"},"parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"50b5de3a778be56786a9251e46da72fb":"","single_meta_elements":{"author":true,"date":true,"categories":true,"comments":true,"updated":false,"tags":false},"has_meta_label":"yes","has_meta_avatar":"yes","date_format_source":"custom","single_meta_date_format":"M 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