{"id":5204,"date":"2026-06-10T18:24:45","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T16:24:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/?p=5204"},"modified":"2026-06-10T18:24:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T16:24:48","slug":"druha-punska-valka-10-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legio-historia.cz\/en\/2026\/06\/10\/druha-punska-valka-10-2\/","title":{"rendered":"#10 Druh\u00e1 punsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka – Ofenziva v Ib\u00e9rii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Po bitv\u011b u Trebie je v \u0158\u00edm\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ru\u0161no a na p\u016fd\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu panuje nervozita. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko pod veden\u00edm konzula Sempronia utrp\u011blo od Hannibala t\u011b\u017ekou por\u00e1\u017eku a vyhnout se smrti se poda\u0159ilo asi jen \u010dtvrtin\u011b voj\u00e1k\u016f. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b zah\u00e1jili p\u0159\u00edpravy na dal\u0161\u00ed ofenzivu proti kartaginsk\u00e9mu vojsku. K ochran\u011b hranic \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky byly vysl\u00e1ny legie na Sardinii, Sic\u00edlii a do Tarenta. Byla vybudov\u00e1na nov\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed flotila 60 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed a nov\u011b zvolen\u00ed konzulov\u00e9 Ganeus Servilius Geminus a Gaius Flaminius za\u010dali shroma\u017e\u010fovat dal\u0161\u00ed italsk\u00e9 spojence a rekrutovat \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky do nov\u00fdch legi\u00ed. V\u0161ude prob\u00edhaly intenzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy. Jak poznamenal Polybios, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 jsou nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud jsou v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e jako st\u00e1t nebo jako jednotlivci.<\/p>\n

SITUACE V IB\u00c9RII<\/b><\/h3>\n

Situace v Ib\u00e9rii byla \u00fapln\u011b opa\u010dn\u00e1 ne\u017e v It\u00e1lii. Publius Scipio dostal na povel pozemn\u00ed vojsko i flotilu v \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky Rh\u00f4ny, kdy\u017e se jeho bratr a konzul Cornelius Scipio vydal pron\u00e1sledovat Hannibala. Publius Scipio se spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdm vojskem vylodil v Ib\u00e9rii, u m\u00edsta zvan\u00e9ho Emporio, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zelo severn\u011b od \u0159eky Ebro.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b si vytvo\u0159il z\u00e1kladnu a podnikal zde n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed n\u00e1jezdy na kartaginsk\u00e9 a ibersk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy a m\u011bsta. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u011bsto mezi \u0159eknou Ebro a jeho z\u00e1kladnou, kter\u00e9 vzdorovalo, nechal oblehnout a dob\u00fdt. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 se dobrovoln\u011b vzdalo a otev\u0159elo \u0158\u00edman\u016fm br\u00e1ny, nechal b\u00fdt a nab\u00eddl jim spojenectv\u00ed proti Kartaginc\u016fm. Mnoho pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblast\u00ed se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm vzdalo a Publius Scipio tak z\u00edskal solidn\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro dal\u0161\u00ed operace proti Kartaginc\u016fm v Ib\u00e9rii. D\u00edky uzav\u0159en\u00fdm spojenectv\u00edm se k n\u011bmu nav\u00edc p\u0159idalo spoustu ibersk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201eV\u0161ichni zp\u00e1tky do \u0159ady! Jestli n\u011bkdo vybo\u010d\u00ed, tak zem\u0159e!<\/span>\u201c<\/p>\n

Mago Barkas<\/em><\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\n

Takto posiln\u011bn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko se n\u00e1sledn\u011b vydalo v\u00edce do vnitrozem\u00ed a pokra\u010dovalo se stejnou politikou i zde. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed se u\u017e \u0158\u00edman\u016fm postavil do cesty Hanno, kter\u00fd dostal za \u00fakol st\u0159e\u017eit kartaginsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed v Ib\u00e9rii. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko se nakonec s t\u00edm kartaginsk\u00fdm st\u0159etlo u m\u011bsta Cissa. Bitvu vyhr\u00e1li \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 a Kartaginci byli nuceni se st\u00e1hnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Publius Scipio d\u00edky tomuto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed z\u00edskal n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod. Zaprv\u00e9 uko\u0159istil obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1sob a surovin, kter\u00e9 tu zde zanechalo Hannibalovo vojsko. Zadruh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u011bst na sever od \u0159eky Ebro s \u0158\u00edmany t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ihned uzav\u0159ela spojenectv\u00ed a dohody. A zat\u0159et\u00ed se \u0158\u00edman\u016fm poda\u0159ilo zajmout oba velitele nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho vojska. Hanna z Kart\u00e1ga, kter\u00fd byl pov\u011b\u0159en obranou kartaginsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed v Ib\u00e9rii a Andobalese, vl\u00e1dce ibersk\u00e9ho vnitrozem\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl v\u011brn\u00fdm spojencem Kart\u00e1ga.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se o \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m \u00fasp\u011bchu dozv\u011bd\u011bl Hasdrubal, kter\u00fd spravoval Hannibalem dobyt\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed za Pyrenejemi v ji\u017en\u00ed G\u00e1lii, rozhodl se za\u00fato\u010dit se sv\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky na zakotvenou \u0159\u00edmskou flotilu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci budou opil\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm a jejich sebev\u011bdom\u00ed jim nedovol\u00ed vn\u00edmat bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. A m\u011bl pravdu, v\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f z \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily byla rozeset\u00e1 po venkov\u011b a jejich ostra\u017eitost se naprosto vypa\u0159ila. Hasdrubal nikoho ne\u0161et\u0159il a v\u0161echny \u0158\u00edmany, na kter\u00e9 se svou v\u00fdpravou narazil, nemilosrdn\u011b pobil. Jakmile se zbytek n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f z vnitrozem\u00ed op\u011bt st\u00e1hl k lod\u00edm na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159ekro\u010dil Hasdrubal \u0159eku Ebro, aby mohl se sv\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky p\u0159ezimovat v Nov\u00e9m Kart\u00e1gu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Publius Scipio po t\u00e9to ostud\u011b nechal potrestat velen\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily a spolu s n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky a pozemn\u00edm vojskem p\u0159ezimoval ve m\u011bst\u011b Tarraco. Nezapomn\u011bl ani spravedliv\u011b rozd\u011blit ko\u0159ist mezi v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, aby do jarn\u00ed kampan\u011b nastupovali s dobrou n\u00e1ladou a motivovan\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed ko\u0159ist, pokud budou state\u010dn\u011b bojovat v bitv\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Publius Scipio slav\u00ed v Ib\u00e9rii s\u00e9rii \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. Kartagin\u0161t\u00ed velitel\u00e9 Hanno a Hasdrubal nejsou schopni \u0158\u00edmany odrazit.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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SITUACE V IT\u00c1LII<\/b><\/h3>\n

Brzy na ja\u0159e vyrazil konzul Flaminius se sv\u00fdm vojskem skrze Etrurii\u00a0 a ut\u00e1bo\u0159il se u Arretia, zat\u00edmco konzul Servilius se ut\u00e1bo\u0159il u Arimina, aby st\u0159e\u017eil tuto oblast v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Hannibalovy invaze. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 byli p\u0159ipraveni na Hannibal\u016fv \u00fatok z obou sm\u011br\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal t\u00e1bo\u0159il na galsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed a dr\u017eel zde rukojm\u00ed z bitvy u Trebie. K \u0158\u00edman\u016fm se choval drsn\u011b a odta\u017eit\u011b. Porce j\u00eddla, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci dost\u00e1vali, se daly jen t\u011b\u017eko ozna\u010dit jako dostate\u010dn\u00e9. Za to jejich italsk\u00fdm spojenc\u016fm dal dob\u0159e naj\u00edst a choval se k nim nohem laskav\u011bji. Kdy\u017e polevila zima a p\u0159ich\u00e1zelo jaro, nechal si italsk\u00e9 spojence p\u0159edv\u00e9st a pronesl k nim \u0159e\u010d, ve kter\u00e9 jim sd\u011blil, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161el v\u00e1l\u010dit s \u0158\u00edmany a ne s italsk\u00fdmi kmeny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b rozumn\u00ed, tak jim nab\u00edz\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed, odtr\u017een\u00ed se z \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy a svobodu. Tak\u00e9 jim p\u0159isl\u00edbil, \u017ee jim pom\u016f\u017ee znovu z\u00edskat m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 jim \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 sebrali. Po t\u00e9to \u0159e\u010di v\u0161echny italsk\u00e9 zajatce propustil a nechal si pouze \u0158\u00edmany jako zajatce. Hannibal\u016fv c\u00edl byl z\u0159eteln\u00fd. Cht\u011bl, aby propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zajatci ve sv\u00fdch rodn\u00fdch m\u011bstech od\u0159\u00edkali sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o Hannibalov\u011b milosrdenstv\u00ed a p\u0159idali se tak na jeho stranu ve v\u00e1lce proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm. Toto milosrdenstv\u00ed m\u011blo zatlouct kl\u00edn hluboko mezi \u0158\u00edmany a jejich spojence.<\/span><\/p>\n

NOV\u00dd PL\u00c1N INVAZE<\/b><\/h3>\n

Hannibalovo p\u0159ezimov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo ani po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 bitv\u011b v\u016fbec klidn\u00e9. Byl si st\u00e1le dob\u0159e v\u011bdom zr\u00e1dn\u00e9 povahy Gal\u016f a \u017ee jejich spojenectv\u00ed je pouze do\u010dasn\u00e9. Z toho d\u016fvodu za\u010dal m\u00edt starost o sv\u016fj \u017eivot, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u0159es zimu, kdy byli voj\u00e1ci v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu v t\u00e1bo\u0159e a m\u011bli \u010das na p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal v t\u00e1bo\u0159e za\u010dal nosit paruky a st\u0159\u00eddal velmi \u010dasto od\u011bvy i zbroj, aby ho nebylo snadn\u00e9 pro galsk\u00e9 bojovn\u00edky identifikovat. Jeho p\u0159evleky byly \u00fadajn\u011b tak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9, \u017ee samotn\u00ed kartagin\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci jej nepoznali, ikdy\u017e s n\u00edm hovo\u0159ili.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e zima pomalu kon\u010dila a p\u0159i\u0161lo jaro, Hannibal neot\u00e1lel a p\u0159ipravil nov\u00fd pl\u00e1n pro dal\u0161\u00ed vojenskou kampa\u0148 proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm. Pro n\u011bj i pro jeho voj\u00e1ky a dokonce i pro Galy bude nejlep\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e v\u0161ichni budou m\u00edt pln\u00e9 ruce pr\u00e1ce s bojov\u00e1n\u00edm a nebudou m\u00edt \u010das p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad osudem a v\u00fdznamem cel\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy. Vyslechl si proto m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele, kte\u0159\u00ed vstoupili do jeho vojska a dozv\u011bd\u011bl se nov\u00e9 informace o ter\u00e9nu v tomto regionu. Z rozhovor\u016f s m\u00edstn\u00edmi obyvateli zjistil, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina cest na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1 a nejsou zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak se ukr\u00fdt p\u0159ed \u0158\u00edmany.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Byla tu ale jedna riskantn\u00ed cesta, kter\u00e1 byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed a poskytovala i dobr\u00e9 kryt\u00ed. Tato cesta v\u0161ak vedla p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es mo\u010d\u00e1ly a ba\u017einy. To p\u0159i prvn\u00edm p\u0159edstaven\u00ed pl\u00e1nu vneslo do hlavy spoust\u011b d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a voj\u00e1k\u016f pochybnosti. Hannibal proto vyslal sv\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00edky, aby cestu prov\u011b\u0159ili a ti mu n\u00e1sledn\u011b podali zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee na cest\u011b je dostatek pevn\u00e9 p\u016fdy pro p\u0159esun vojska a stojat\u00e9 vody na t\u00e9to cest\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho nen\u00ed. Bylo rozhodnuto a kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko se dalo do pohybu.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cesta do Etrurie p\u0159es mo\u010d\u00e1ly byla n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed. Hannibal kv\u016fli z\u00e1n\u011btu p\u0159i\u0161el o zrak na jednom oku.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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N\u00c1RO\u010cN\u00dd POCHOD MO\u010c\u00c1LY<\/b><\/h3>\n

Hannibal um\u00edstil do \u010dela kolony sv\u00e9 nejlep\u0161\u00ed jednotky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e jsou my\u0161leni Libyjci a Iberov\u00e9. Mezi tyto voj\u00e1ky nechal rozm\u00edstit z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed vozy, aby byly co nejl\u00e9pe chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 a co nejd\u00e1le od Gal\u016f. Pokud by nav\u00edc k n\u011b\u010demu do\u0161lo, cht\u011bl aby k z\u00e1sob\u00e1m m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup hlavn\u011b jeho nejlep\u0161\u00ed voj\u00e1ci. Jinak se d\u00e1l o z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed nestaral. U\u017e d\u00e1vno byli na pln\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed a pokud s \u0158\u00edmany prohraj\u00ed jakoukoliv bitvu, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e jej tr\u00e1pit nemus\u00ed, proto\u017ee prohra pro v\u0161echny z jeho vojska znamen\u00e1 jistou smrt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kolony pochodovali Galov\u00e9 a za nimi teprve jela kartaginsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda, kter\u00e9 velel Hannibal\u016fv bratr Mago. Hannibal pot\u0159eboval n\u011bkoho, komu mohl bezmezn\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat, pokud by se Galov\u00e9 rozhodli zradit a uprchnout.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1zalo jako velmi proz\u00edrav\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Libyjci a Iberov\u00e9 se skrze mo\u010d\u00e1ly dostali bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b Galov\u00e9 m\u011bli s n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm pochodem bez p\u0159est\u00e1vky a bez sp\u00e1nku probl\u00e9m. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm tak ot\u0159esn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky na pochodu neza\u017eili a nastal moment, kdy se cht\u011bli obr\u00e1tit a odej\u00edt pry\u010d. V tom jim v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b zabr\u00e1nila Magova j\u00edzda a silou donutila Galy pokra\u010dovat v pochodu kup\u0159edu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kartaginsk\u00e9 vojsko nakonec pochodovalo \u010dty\u0159i cel\u00e9 dny bez nocov\u00e1n\u00ed a del\u0161\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vky. Voj\u00e1ci trp\u011bli nedostatkem sp\u00e1nku a \u00fanavou. Spousta ta\u017en\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at zem\u0159ela vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm nebo utopen\u00edm v mo\u010d\u00e1lech. Galov\u00e9 byli na pokraji sil a dokonce i s\u00e1m Hannibal trp\u011bl. Cel\u00fd p\u0159esun sice str\u00e1vil na h\u0159betu sv\u00e9ho posledn\u00edho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho slona, ale v nehostinn\u00e9 krajin\u011b chytil z\u00e1n\u011bt do oka, na kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159estal vid\u011bt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Hannibalovo vojsko nakonec n\u00e1ro\u010dnou a vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed cestu p\u0159es mo\u010d\u00e1ly zvl\u00e1dlo. Dokonce se dostalo za \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 linie u m\u011bsta Arretium, kde t\u00e1bo\u0159\u00ed konzul Flaminius se sv\u00fdm vojskem.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u0158\u00cdMAN\u00c9 P\u0158ED N\u00c1MI!<\/b><\/h3>\n

Navzdory n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9mu a vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu pochodu skrz mo\u010d\u00e1ly se Hannibalovu vojsku poda\u0159ilo dostat velmi rychle do Etrurie, kde na\u0161el konzula Flaminia, jak t\u00e1bo\u0159\u00ed i se sv\u00fdm vojskem p\u0159ed Arretiem. Hannibal z\u016fstal na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010das s cel\u00fdm vojskem skryt\u00fd v mo\u010d\u00e1lech, aby si jeho voj\u00e1ci odpo\u010dinuli a pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci z\u00edskali nov\u00e9 informace o nep\u0159\u00edteli a okoln\u00ed krajin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal zjistil, \u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed kraj je velmi bohat\u00fd na ko\u0159ist a nezapomn\u011bl se o tom hned zm\u00ednit sv\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm. D\u00e1le tak\u00e9 zjistil, \u017ee konzul Flaminius nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vojev\u016fdce a s velen\u00edm vojska nem\u00e1 absolutn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Jedin\u00e9 o co Flaminiovi jde, je z\u00edskat si p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 davu a sl\u00e1vu. Hannibal se tedy rozhodl, \u017ee op\u011bt vyu\u017eije jeden egoistick\u00fd \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd charakter a vyprovokuje Flaminia k akci d\u0159\u00edv ne\u017e sta\u010d\u00ed dorazit druh\u00fd konzul s posilami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vypochoduje z mo\u010d\u00e1l\u016f Flaminiovi rovnou p\u0159ed nos, projde kolem jeho t\u00e1bora za\u010dne drancovat venkov. Flaminius tuto provokaci nevydr\u017e\u00ed, a aby nebyl kritizov\u00e1n, \u017ee nech\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00e1tele drancovat \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na Hannibalovo vojsko bez jak\u00e9koliv pomoci. Kartaginsk\u00fd vojev\u016fdce dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee d\u00edky dal\u0161\u00edmu cti\u017e\u00e1dostiv\u00e9mu konzulovi bude m\u00edt n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak rozdrtit \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 legie d\u0159\u00edv ne\u017e se proti n\u011bmu spoj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannibal byl geni\u00e1ln\u00ed vojev\u016fdce, ale um\u011bl taky skv\u011ble odhadnout lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1li proti n\u011bmu. Znalost\u00a0 a dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed o charakteru, temperamentu a tu\u017eb\u00e1ch sv\u00e9ho prot\u011bj\u0161ku mohlo vyhr\u00e1t bitvu je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e v\u016fbec za\u010dala. Ment\u00e1ln\u011b slab\u00fd gener\u00e1l toti\u017e \u010din\u00ed sv\u00e9 vojsko ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm, neefektivn\u00edm a \u010dasto vystavuje sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00edmu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Impulzivita, bezhlavost, iracion\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1pal, fale\u0161n\u00e1 p\u0159edstava o vlastn\u00edch schopnostech a arogance jsou vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka zraniteln\u00fdm v\u016f\u010di nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm a vysoce nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm pro sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed lidi a spojence. Takov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk reaguje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ehnan\u011b na jak\u00fdkoliv komplot, p\u0159epaden\u00ed nebo trik. Gener\u00e1l m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci zv\u00edt\u011bzit, pokud m\u00e1 schopnost porozum\u011bt slabin\u00e1m druh\u00fdch a dok\u00e1\u017ee porazit sv\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele t\u00edm, \u017ee vyu\u017eije jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slabiny p\u0159ed bitvou nebo v bitv\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd ZDROJE<\/b><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Polybios:<\/i> D\u011bjiny<\/b><\/li>\n
  2. Titus Livius:<\/i> Ab urbe condita<\/b><\/li>\n
  3. Goldsworthy, Adrian:<\/i> P\u00e1d Kart\u00e1ga<\/b><\/li>\n
  4. Hoyos, Dexter:<\/i> Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War<\/b><\/li>\n
  5. Ernle Bradford:<\/i> Hannibal<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Po bitv\u011b u Trebie je v \u0158\u00edm\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ru\u0161no a na p\u016fd\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu panuje nervozita. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 vojsko pod veden\u00edm konzula Sempronia utrp\u011blo od Hannibala t\u011b\u017ekou por\u00e1\u017eku a vyhnout se smrti se poda\u0159ilo asi jen \u010dtvrtin\u011b voj\u00e1k\u016f. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b zah\u00e1jili p\u0159\u00edpravy na dal\u0161\u00ed ofenzivu proti kartaginsk\u00e9mu vojsku. K ochran\u011b hranic \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky byly vysl\u00e1ny legie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[68,8,6,3,117],"tags":[132,104,109,134,133,18,125],"class_list":["post-5204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kartago","category-osobnosti","category-politika","category-punske-valky","category-rimska-republika","tag-druha-punska-valka","tag-galove","tag-galske-kmeny","tag-hannibal-barkas","tag-iberie","tag-kartago","tag-rimska-republika"],"blocksy_meta":{"post_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","ebf38a37a7210e8b2eae1c5591996d46":"","hero_section":"type-2","hero_alignment1":"left","hero_alignment2":"center","hero_height":{"0":"2","1":"3","2":"0","3":"p","4":"x","desktop":"500px","tablet":"500px","mobile":"500px","__changed":[]},"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":2710,"url":"https:\/\/startersites.io\/blocksy\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/valdemaras-d-1053561-unsplash-1024x576.jpg"},"parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"50b5de3a778be56786a9251e46da72fb":"","single_meta_elements":{"author":true,"date":true,"categories":true,"comments":true,"updated":false,"tags":false},"has_meta_label":"yes","has_meta_avatar":"yes","date_format_source":"custom","single_meta_date_format":"M 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